机械波MechanicalWaves.pptVIP

* 機械波 Mechanical Waves Mechanical wave is a disturbance that travels through some material or substance called the medium for wave. Transverse wave is the wave that the displacement of the medium are perpendicular or transverse to the direction of travel of the wave along the medium Longitudinal wave is the wave that the motions of particles is the same as the direction of wave. 機械波的種類 單位因次分析（Dimensional Analysis） 和波速有關的物理量有繩子單位長度的質量m及繩上之張力τ ←單位因次 唯一可能 其中C為一無單位之常數。 繩波的速度 力學分析 Wave Equation Mathematical Description of a Wave sinusoidal wave moving in +x-direction Phase Energy in Wave Motion The instantaneous rate of doing work at the point x and time t is For sinusoidal wave with wave function given as Maximum Power average power, sinusoidal wave on a string inverse-square law for intensity Average intensity Wave Interference Boundary Conditions and Superposition Overlap of two wave pulses standing wave on a string, fixed end at x = 0 Normal Modes of a String 傅立葉分析(Fourier Analysis) f(t)是週期性函數 注意事項： 稱為基頻(fundamental frequency)T為f(t)之週期。 稱為基頻項或基頻分量，其他項稱為諧波(harmonics) n次諧波項： 若f(t)為t之奇函數 若f(t)為t之偶函數 作業: 以下列函數近似鋸齒波(sawtooth wave) 利用電腦繪出(1)n=3 (2)n=7之圖形 Sound Waves Sound is a longitudinal wave in a medium Audible range of human ear is 20 to 20000Hz Gauge pressure Gauge pressure In a sinusoidal sound wave the max pressure variations are 3.0*10-2Pa above the atmospheric pressure. Find the max displacement if frequency is 1000Hz. Given speed of sound is 344m/s and bulk modulus is 1.42*105Pa The Anatomy of Human Ear A eardrum = 43mm2 A stirrup = 3.2 mm2 V fluid =1500m/s intensity of a sinusoidal sound wave definition of sound intensity level Sound Velocity and Gauge Pressure 空氣的bulk modulus 若為等溫過程，pV=nRT， 用此結果代入所得之聲速較實際值小。在聲音的傳遞，速度很快，空氣和周圍來不及做熱交換，要考慮絕熱過程，即 。 *