北京市中小学生伤害干预试点的研究.docVIP

北京市中小学生伤害干预试点的研究 　　【摘要】 目的 探讨预防和控制中小学生伤害的有效策略和方法，为今后开展大规模的伤害干预活动提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，按照齐同性的原则，从北京市海淀区和平谷区分别选取干预学校和对照学校各1所小学和1所中学。干预学校开展干预活动，对照组不采取任何干预措施。分别在干预活动前后对2组学生进行问卷调查，评估干预活动的效果。结果 干预前后干预组学生伤害相关KAP平均评分由干预前的36.42分上升到干预后的39.76分，伤害发生率由7.10%下降到3.83%(P0.01)，对照组均无明显变化。结论干预活动有效地降低中小学生伤害发生率，对预防和控制学生伤害有积极意义。 　　【关键词】 创伤和损伤；干预性研究；试点项目；学生 　　【中图分类号】 G 479 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2010)10-1174-03 　　 　　Pilot Intervention of Students Injuries in Beijing/CAO Ruo-xiang*, ZHANG Rui.* Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing(100013), China 　　【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effective strategy and measures to prevent and control injury of students in primary and secondary schools and to provide evidence for further intervention widely. Methods A multi-stage, stratified clustering sampling method was adopted. One primary school and one secondary school for intervention and control from two districts respectively were selected according to homogeneity. A series of intervention activities were conducted in the intervention group and no activities were implemented in the control group. One survey was conducted before and after intervention to evaluate the effect. Results The KAP score of students in intervention group increased from 36.42 to 39.76 which was remarkable different, the incidence of injury of intervention group before and after intervention was 7.10% and 3.83% respectively which was remarkable. Conclusion Intervention can attribute to decline the incidence of injury, help the students to prevent and control injury of students. 　　【Key words】 Wounds and injuries; Intervention studies; Pilot projects; Students 　　 　　伤害严重威胁儿童的健康与生命，已经引起全社会的关注［1-2］。国外伤害研究报告指出，伤害主要发生在低年龄人群，特别是儿童与青少年［3］。联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)的研究表明，伤害已成为工业化国家儿童的首位死因。在美国、澳大利亚和英国，伤害在儿童死亡中所占的比例分别为49%，42%，29%，伤害是儿童、青少年的首位死因［3-4］。儿童伤害造成的社会负担是极其沉重的［5］。2004年11月，在瑞士日内瓦WHO总部召开的“第14届WHO伤害预防与安全促进合作中心负责人会议”上，将儿童伤害确定为WHO伤害与暴力预防领域未来3～5 a的重点之一［6］。本调查旨在探讨降低中小学生伤害发生率的有效措施，并对干预措施效果进行评价。 　　 　　1 对象与方法