城市污水处理厂尾水湿地生态消纳安全评价模型构建及的应用.docVIP

城市污水处理厂尾水湿地生态消纳安全评价模型构建及的应用 　　摘要：城市污水处理厂尾水主要采用人工湿地生态消纳排放，针对这种尾水排放方式的生态安全性问题，以层次分析法和压力状态响应（PSR）理论为依据，构建基于城市资源环境压力、人工湿地状态和人文环境响应3个类别的尾水湿地生态消纳安全评价模型。以中国长三角地区的江苏省常州市城市污水处理厂的尾水湿地消纳为例，以该市资源环境压力、人工湿地状态和人文环境响应等指标为权重，得到人工湿地安全值S=2.179 6，属于安全状态，即采用人工湿地消纳该市污水处理厂尾水，从生态学角度是安全的，但仍然需要持续追加环保设施的投资，提高污水处理运行效率，强化对人工湿地的日常管护水平，确保人工湿地运行的稳定性与可靠性。 　　关键词：城市污水处理厂尾水；人工湿地；生态消纳；生态安全评价模型；P-S-R理论 　　中图分类号：X703 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）17-4491-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.17.034 　　Abstract： The current majority of our city， the main way of urban sewage treatment plant tail water discharge is the use of constructed wetland eco-consumption emissions. Aiming at the ecological security of the tail water discharge way，according to analytic hierarchy process and pressure-state-response（PSR），an urban water environment ecological security assessment system including resources environment pressure，constructed wetland pressure and humanities environment response was constructed. Taking the urban sewage treatment plant tail water wetland consumption of the Yangtze River Delta region of Changzhou city in Jiangsu province as an example，by the weight of the city resources environment pressure，constructed wetland pressure and humanities environment response，the safety value of constructed wetland is S=2.179 6，which belongs to the safety state，the ecological safety evaluation was safe，but still need to continue to additional environmental protection facilities of the investment，improve the sewage treatment efficiency，strengthen constructed wetland daily level of management and protection， ensure the stability and reliability of constructed wetland operation. 　　Key words：urban sewage treatment plant tail water； constructed wetland； eco-consumption； ecological security assessment model； P-S-R principle 　　随着中国城市经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高，城市污水量大大提高，城市尾水排放量增大。特别是在长江中下游苏南水网地区，城市污水处理厂尾水回用率小，绝大部分尾水直排入附近河道，且水流速度慢，在河道中停留时间较长；而且大多数城市污水处理厂尾水能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A或一级B排放标准，但并未达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2