对我国优秀女子跳远运动员助跑最后两步至起跳阶段的运动学分析-体育学;体育教育训练学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘要 在过去的十几年，女子跳远项目一直是我国田径运动冲击世界高水平的优 势项目之一，在 08 年北京奥运会即将到来的时候，我们发现我国女子跳远项目 原有的优势，在最近一个奥运周期的备战中随着关英楠等老队员的退役，逐渐 失去了与世界水平竞争的能力，甚至在亚洲也不具备绝对实力，基于目前我国 女子跳远运动发展现状，对我国女子跳远关键技术进行研究将对其今后的发展 有着积极的意义。 本研究选择的研究对象为：参加 2007 年 5 月 20 日在广东肇庆举行的全国 田径大奖赛女子跳远决赛的前 8 名运动员；研究方法采用文献资料法、调查法、 影片拍摄法、图像解析法和数理统计法，对所选择的研究对象助跑最后两步至 起跳阶段进行解析和选择相关技术参数进行分析，研究结果表明： 一 我国女子跳远运动员助跑倒二步步长平均为 2.07±0.13m，倒一步步长 平均为 1.99m，与世界优秀运动员比较国内运动员最后两步步长相对较小，两步 步长两者变化趋势同为“大→小”。 二 国内运动员助跑最后两步的速度没有显著性差异（P≥0.05）呈现出“—” 平缓型，倒二步速度为 8.97m/s，倒一步速度为 9.01m/s，但其中倒一步的速度 和世界优秀选手 9.40m/s 呈现出显著性差异。 三 着板两大腿夹角平均值达到 52.1°，表明国内运动员摆动腿跟摆意识不 强，离地瞬间两大腿夹角 96.86°摆动幅度大于优秀运动员 95.23°。 四 离地瞬间运动员重心水平速度与垂直速度比例不够合理，水平速度在缓 冲阶段过多的转化为垂直速度，参赛运动员平均腾起角为 24.45±0.61°大于世 界优秀选手 21.00±2.35°。 关键词：女子跳远；最后两步；水平速度；着地角；膝角；腾起角 II II ABSTRACT In the past ten years, women’s long jump was always one of the advantage events of track and field in our country. Being about to the beginning of the 2008 Olympic Game, we found that our advantage of women’s long jump has gradually disappeared as the retirement of the elite athletes, such as Yingnan Guan. Nowadays we lost the ability to compete with other international elite athletes, even in Asian. According to the present developmental status of China’s women’s long jump, it would have positive significance to investigate the key technology of women’s long jump. The subjects of this study were top 8 athletes of women’s long jump of National Athletics Competition which was held in Zhao qing City, Guangdong Province at May 20th, 2007. Through using the methods of reviewing the literatures, mathematical statistic, biomechanics analysis, an investigation was conducted to understand the kinematics characters of the athletes from last two steps of approach to taking off. It can be concluded that: The mean step length of the last two step in approach of us athletes was 2.07±0.13 meters, while 1.99 meters for the final step. Compared with international elite athletes, the step length of last two steps were correspondingly shorter. W