多工况载荷下自卸车车架的拓扑优化设计与有限元分析-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

Topology Optimization and finite element Analysis of self-dumping truck under Multi-load Cases A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Li zheng Supervisor：Prof. Ma liming Chang’an University, Xi’an, China i i PAGE PAGE iv 摘 要 目前，国外汽车企业已经将优化技术广泛应用于汽车设计制造的每一个环节，使得 产品的设计过程更加合理化、高效化，同时也缩减了汽车设计过程的成本及耗时，大大 提高了汽车企业在市场中的产品投放速度，为企业带来了巨大的效益。而在我国，这项 设计技术在汽车设计过程的参与度远远不够，在整个行业的应用情况还不尽如人意。 因此本文就该技术在自卸车车架结构优化设计领域的应用进行了初步探讨，在深入 研究拓扑优化理论及其方法的基础上，利用 HyperWorks 的优化模块Optistruct，依据设 计要求以及某自卸车主车架的实际尺寸、载荷情况以及边界条件建立了拓扑优化的基础 模型，以各工况变形能最小为目标函数，体积比为约束函数，通过变密度法，针对同一 模型进行了多次拓扑优化计算，得到了一组相似的拓扑结构，为车架的设计提供了方向 性的指导意见。 同时根据该车架总体布置以及承载的要求，综合考虑车架的整体拓扑优化结果，参 考国内外其它同类车架的设计方法并结合指导老师的实际设计经验，初步完成了车架的 总体结构的设计。最后运用Optistruct有限元软件对拓扑优化后的车架进行了强度和刚度 校核、模态分析及模态频率响应分析，计算结果显示其弯曲刚度和扭转刚度都有所提高， 而且低阶模态频率也有所提高，从理论上验证了该自卸车车架的设计基本合理，其刚度、 强度能够满足设计要求，并具有较好的动态特性。 关键词:自卸汽车，拓扑优化，有限单元法，刚度分析，强度分析，模态分析 Abstract At present, foreign automobile company has already widely used optimization technology in every stage of automobile design and manufacture, this made products design more reasonable and efficient, but also reduced the cost of design, depressed the time of design, greatly improving ability of design of automobile enterprise. But in our country, the use of optimization technique is understaffed. This paper discusses its application in the field of a self-dumping truck frame, research topology optimization theory of more complicated topological structure, by using HyperWorks optimization module, the fundamental optimization model was built based on the design requirements and a trucks actual size, load, and the boundary conditions of truck frame; taking the deformation energy under each load step as objective function, and the volume fraction as constraint function, using the method of changing density, carried out several topology optimizations on a same model , then a set of results were got. At the same time ,following teacher’ instruction, according to the layout of the frame and bearing requiremen