儒家的生死观跟其生命实践.pdfVIP

儒家的生死觀及其生命實踐 —以孔子為核心議題 ＊ ＊＊ 黃文三教授 、劉靖國老師 ＊ ＊＊ 高雄師範大學教育學系 、高雄縣正義國小 摘要 本研究旨在探討儒家的生死觀，及其生命實踐，專以孔子為核心，作為本研 究論述之主軸。首先從儒家對鬼神是否存在的看法進行辨正，進而分析儒家對鬼 神所抱持的態度，接續探討和鬼神有關的祭祀之意涵。在這樣的基礎上，分析儒 家的生死智慧，並以孔子為核心，來探討儒家的生命實踐。本研究的主要發現如 下： 1 、儒家祭神如神在，對鬼神存在持肯定態度 。 2 、儒家以人為本，對鬼神持「敬而遠之」的立場。 3 、儒家重視祭祀禮儀，慎終追遠與民德歸厚 。 4 、儒家著重現實人生（今生）之努力，以悟出生死智慧。 5 、儒家看重「義命分立」，強調積極正向的努力。 6 、孔子生命之學的目標為仁，而其內涵則為倫理的實踐，且以天人合一 為其終極圓滿的境界。 關鍵字： 儒家、生死觀、生命實踐 大專校院生命教育學術與教學研討會 Confucian Life and Death View and Its Life Practice --Taking Confucius as a major issue Abstract The purpose of this study was to discuss Confucian life and death view and its life practice, taking Confucius as the axis to discuss. This research clarified Confucian viewpoint about whether the spirits existed, and then analysed the attitude Confucian took toward the spirits; the implication of sacrifice for the spirits, then, was discussed. On such foundation, this research analyzed Confucian life and death wisdom and took Confucius as the focal point to discuss Confucian life practice. The findings of this research were as follows: 1.Confucian sacrificed to the spirits as if the spirits were present and held the affirmation manner to the existence of spirits. 2.Confucian was humanist and held the standpoint “kept the spirits at a respectful distance”. 3.Confucian paid much attention to sacrifices and carefully attended to the funeral rites of parents and follow them when gone with due sacrifices. 4.Confucian stress the endeavor of this present life, so as to realize the life and death wisdom. 5. Confucian separated justice from fate, emphasizing that everyone should strive actively in his life.