城镇化背景下的农民养老问题研究——基于家庭养老支持弱化的思考社会保障专业论文.docxVIP

随着我国人口老龄化现象的日益加剧，养老问题己经成为有关国计民生的重大问 题。而在全国老年人口中占绝大多数的是农村老年人，因此，农村老年人的养老问题 尤其引人注目。一直以来，以提供家庭支持为基础的家庭养老作为农村老年人最主要 的养老方式，在缓解农村养老问题方面发挥了重要作用。然而，城镇化的推进不仅使 农村社会生活发生了变化，也促使了家庭规模的小型化、家庭内部利益结构的调整、 传统思想观念的转变等，这就改变了原有传统农村家庭对老年人的支持格局，家庭养 老受到了巨大的挑战，农村老年人的养老问题日益凸显。 本文立足于家庭养老理论、社会交换理论、公共服务均等化理论以及需求层次理 论，通过实证分析得出城镇化建设带来农村老年人家庭支持弱化这一结果，并基于这 一结果的出现，对城镇化背景下我国农民养老问题进行研究。在对目前我国农村养老 现状进行分析的基础上，借鉴国外可供参考的成功经验和启示，以期为解决我国城镇 化背景下农民养老问题提出建设性的对策建议。 切实解决农民的养老问题，努力实现农村老年人“老有所养、老有所医、老有所 学、老有所为、老有所乐”的目标，让广大农村老年人共享经济社会的发展成果，不 仅有利于“三农”问题的解决，城乡差距的缩小，而且是在维护农民的切身利益，因 而有利于缓解农村社会的不稳定因素，促进社会公平和正义，从而对统筹城乡区域发 展目标的实现，社会主义新农村的建设以及和谐社会的构建都具有推动作用。 关键词：家庭支持 经济供养 生活照顾 精神慰藉 With the rapidly increasing phenomenon of aging population in China, the pension problem has become a very important issue. As the rural elderly are in the vast majority all over the country, the pension problem strikes in rural areas particularly. For a long time, family pension which based on providing family support has been the most important pension way in rural areas, and it has played an important part in the alleviation of rural pension problem. However, the advance of urbanization has made many changes in rural areas, such as social life, family size, interest structure within the family, traditional ideas and so on. These changes have weakened the functions of existing traditional rural family support. As a result, family pension has faced a huge challenge; the pension problem of the rural elderly has become more and more serious. Theoretical basis for this article are Family support theory, Social exchange theory, Equalization of public services theory and Hierarchy of needs theory. The empirical analysis can help to draw conclusion that the advance of urbanization has weakened the functions of the rural family support for the elderly. Basing on this conclusion and our current situation, as well as the successful experience from foreign practices, I try to make some effort to put forward constructive suggestions to solve rural pensio