二维双球形颗粒物质的玻璃化转变研究-物理学专业论文.docxVIP

二维双球形颗粒物质的玻璃化转变研究 中文摘要 玻璃化转变作为自然科学中的重要的基本问题之一，长期以来一直是凝聚态物理 研究的焦点。然而，对于小分子玻璃，由于其组成的原子和分子尺寸太小，在实验中 很难直接地被观察，从而无法深入地研究其玻璃化转变的微观行为和物理规律。相对 于原子和分子，颗粒物质本身具有肉眼可直接观察和颗粒堆积可调控等优点，这些优 点打破了原子和小分子的局限，从而为玻璃化转变研究带来了全新的物理模型和研究 方法。由于双球形颗粒物质自身具有平动和转动双重自由度，其玻璃态的结构和动力 学更加丰富，因此，以双球形颗粒物质作为物理模型来研究玻璃化转变问题也就具有 重要意义。 本文利用气体流化床装置，研究了二维双球形颗粒物质的玻璃化转变行为。首先， 通过对颗粒的平动运动和转动运动进行分析，我们发现双球形颗粒体系会呈现出平动 和转动两种玻璃化转变。其次，根据经典的模耦合理论（Mode Coupling Theory）对 弛豫时间拟合,发现平动运动和转动运动的弛豫时间与颗粒的堆积份数呈指数关系， 而且两种玻璃化转变点相互重合。此外，我们利用快速粒子的团簇尺寸来表征颗粒体 系运动的协同效应，发现在随着颗粒堆积份数的增加，平动运动和转动运动的团簇尺 度逐渐增大。当体系接近玻璃态堆积份数时，平动和转动的团簇尺度达到最大。最后， 我们分别对各堆积份数下的团簇大小进行拟合，发现团簇大小均符合幂律分布。 关键词：颗粒物质；双球形粒子；平动玻璃化转变；转动玻璃化转变；团簇 作 者：江文华 指导教师：张泽新 Glass transitions of two-dimensional granular dimer particles Abstract Glass transitions, which is one of the most important problems in natural sciences, has always been the focus of condensed matter research. For molecular glasses, because of the small size of their constitute, such as atoms and molecules, it is very challenging to observe and study them directly. As a result, limited amount knowledge is available on the microscopic behaviors of the glass, and on the physical laws that govern the glass transitions. Granular particles, by contrast, have the advantages of being observed by naked eyes and tunable packing, which offer new model system for the study of the glass transitions. Due to the non-spherical shape and hence the translational and rotational degrees of freedom in dimer particles, the structure and dynamics of dimer glasses are more complex and interesting. So it is of significant importance to study the glass transition of dimer particles. In this paper, we studied the glass transitions of two-dimensional granular dimer particles in an air-fluidized device. Firstly, we observed two glass transitions, namely translational and rotational glass transitions. Secondly, we fitted the relaxation time of translational and rotational motions based on predictions from Mode Coupling Theory (MCT), and find the rel