反拱水垫塘拱圈底板动水压强变化规律的研究-水力学及河流动力学专业论文.docx

反拱水垫塘拱圈底板动水压强变化规律的研究? 学科：水力学及河流动力学 答辩日期：2006 年 3 月 作者：樊新建 导师：孙 建 教授 作者签名： 导师签名： 摘 要 反拱水垫塘是一种优化的消能防冲结构形式。高水头、大流量作用下，拱圈底板动水 压强是拱圈失稳的重要因素。 反拱水垫塘的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值，本文对其研究现状进行综述。根 据重力相似准则，设计反拱水垫塘精细物理模型。 在整个反拱水垫塘流场范围内，对拱圈底板块动水压强的变化进行了理论分析和详细 的试验研究，得到了拱圈底板块表面、底板块缝隙动水压强沿流程、沿拱圈横向的分布规 律，揭示了底板块上举力形成和变化机理，提出底板块振动的可能方式；根据拱圈底板缝 隙内动水压强的变化特点，提出把底板缝隙动水压强划分为三种形态；对拱圈底板块表面、 底板块缝隙的瞬时最大压强、时均压强在底板块上的平均值沿流程和沿拱圈横向进行规一 化处理，提出了预测拱圈底板块平均压强的计算公式。 对拱圈底板块动水压强的时域和频域特性进行分析，给出了拱圈底板缝隙，底板表面， 底板缝隙与缝口动水压强的相关特征，得出拱圈底板缝隙动水压强受上游缝口动水压强的 影响较大，其沿缝隙纵向传播明显，存在由两岸向拱冠传播的趋势；拱圈底板缝隙动水压 强的频率分布范围比底板表面的更为集中，两者峰值频率分布范围相近，脉动能量都以低 频为主。 关键词：高水头大流量 反拱水垫塘 拱圈底板 动水压强 变化规律 ?本研究得到了国家自然科学基金的资助 RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE OF SLABS SET IN THE RING OF ARCH INVERT CUSHION POOL? Specialty: Hydraulics and River Hydrodynamics Debate Date: 2006.3 Candidate: Fan Xinjian Signature: Advisors: Prof. Sun Jian Signature: ABSTRACT The arch invert cushion pool is an optimized structure for energy-dissipation and riverbed-protection. Hydrodynamic pressure of slabs is a very important factor which leads to instability of the arch-ring by the action of high water head and large discharge. Research on arch invert cushion pool is of great significance in theory and application. This paper summarizes the present results. A fine hydraulic model was designed according to the gravitational similarity criteria. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the experiment on the hydrodynamic pressure on slabs in arch ring has been carried out in the extent of entire flow field. Laws of the pressure distributions both along the lateral and the direction of the flow are obtained to open out the mechanism of formation and change of uplift force, and to propose the way of slabs vibrating. Three conformations of the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure in the base gaps are proposed according to its distribution. After dimensionless processing is applied to the instantaneous maximum and the time-average of the pressure on the surface o