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Physics of Particle Beams Hsiao-Ming Lu, Ph.D., Jay Flanz, Ph.D., Harald Paganetti, Ph.D. Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School PTCOG 56 Education Session, Chiba, 2017 External Beam Therapy EXTRA DOSE e s o D Photons Protons ideal BEAM Depth Proton Beam Advantage e Beam for beam you can always do a better job with s o particles (except at the surface in certain situations). D Flanz ‘09 Photons Photons ideal BEAM Protons Protons BEAM Photon vs Proton A Beam is a Bunch of Particles x P x z Pz y (protons, carbon ions, photons, P y electrons, …) Phase space diagram A beam is a collection of many P particles all of whose x longitudinal and transverse momentum are close enough and remain more or less close to x each other. Particles of Interest • Photons (γ, X ray) • Protons – Ch