声学基础课件许肖梅fundamentalsofacoustics07-12.ppt

* Transmission from one fluid to another: oblique incidence Applying the condition of continuity of pressure at the boundary z=0 yields Applying the condition of continuity of normal velocity (3-7-11) (3-7-10) Law of reflection: the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and Snell’s law : Snell’s law : From the equation (3-7-10), we obtain : From the equation (3-7-11), we obtain : when Gives the angle of incidence for which there is no reflection and therefore complete transmission. This angle known as the angle of intromission : It will be exist only if The totally reflected From the reflection coefficient equation, we see The angle of transmission is real and less than the angle of incident. A transmitted beam exits in the second fluid. (1) The angle of transmission is again real but greater than the angle of incidence (2) when Where is the critical angle defined by (3) When In this case , the transmitted wave assume a very peculiar form, the reflection coefficient is a complex Consider 560 1 0.5 2a 1800 00 0.4 00 900 Angle of incidence IRI IRI Reflection of coefficient Transmission through a layer: Normal incidence Assume that a layer of uniform thickness L lies between two dissimilar fluids and that a plane wave is normally incident on its boundary, as suggested in following Fig. 0 l Let the characteristic impedances of the fluids be Z1, Z2 and Z3 respectively Fig. Fig. Reflection and transmission of plane waves normally incident on a layer When an incident signal in fluid I arrives at the boundary between fluids I and II, some of the energy is reflected and some is transmitted into the second fluid. The portion of the wave transmitted will proceed through fluid II to interact with the boundary between fluids II and III, where again some of the energy is reflected and some transmitted. The reflected wave proceeds back to the boundary between fluids I and II, and the whole process is repeated. From the wave equation and