菜用黄麻‘福农2号’主要特征特性及高产栽培的模式.docVIP

菜用黄麻‘福农2号’主要特征特性及高产栽培的模式 　　摘 要 福建农林大学选育的菜用黄麻‘福农2号’经省内外多年多点鉴定，平均可食鲜茎叶产量达28.60 t/hm2，比对照‘宽叶长果’增产13.35%，2012年通过安徽省新品种鉴定。本研究在分析该品种产量与主要特征特性的基础上，测试了其主要营养成分，并采用L9（34）正交设计，研究了品种、密度、肥料三因素三水平的高产栽培模式。结果表明：（1）菜用黄麻‘福农2号’可食鲜茎叶产量高，全生长期达172 d，采摘期97.3 d，比‘宽叶长果’长25 d，经济性状好；（2）该品种每100 g鲜茎叶总膳食纤维7.7 g，钙814 mg，钾1 500 mg，硒0.1 μg，胡萝卜素8.9 μg，总氨基酸55.4 mg，营养价值高；（3）‘福农2号’最适栽培模式为密度9万株/hm2，施氮量185.5 kg/hm2，可食嫩茎叶的产量最高。 　　关键词 菜用黄麻 ；‘福农2号’ ；主要特性 ；营养成分 ；高产模式 　　中图分类号 S563.4 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.09.002 　　Abstract A new vegetable jute Funong No.2 which was bred and selected by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University produced an average yield of 28.60 t/hm2 of tender stems and leaves through years of multi-site tests， 13.35% higher than the control variety Kuanyechangguo， and it has been approved by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Anhui Province in 2012. Based on the analysis of the yield and main characteristics of this variety， the main nutrient components were tested， and a high yield cultivation pattern based on variety， density and fertilizer at three levels was established by using a L9 （34） orthogonal design. The results showed that Funong No.2 yielded higher in tender stems and leaves with good economic traits. This variety had a whole growth life of 172 days， and a harvest stage of 97.3 days， with the growth period being 25 days longer than that of the variety Kuanyechangguo. This variety was high in nutritional value， and its fresh tender stem and leaves per 100 g contained 7.7 g total dietary fiber， 814 mg calcium， 1 500 mg potassium， 0.1 g selenium， 8.9 g carotene， and 55.4 mg total amino acid. The variety gave the highest yield of edible tender stems and leaves when planted at a density of 90 000 seedlings/hm2 and dressed with N fertilizer at a rate of 185.5 kg/hm2. 　　Keywords vegetable jute ； ‘Funong No.2’ ； main characteristics ； nutritional quality ； high yielding pattern 　　菜用黄麻（Corchorus olitorius L.）即长蒴黄麻，也称麻叶菜、帝王菜，为椴树科黄麻属一年生植物，食用部位为嫩茎叶。在以埃及为中心的近东地区已有