《捻翅目STREPSIPTERA(英文简介)》精选课件.pptVIP

STREPSIPTERA The name Strepsiptera, derived from the Greek strepsi meaning turned or twisted and ptera meaning wings, refers to the resting position of the males large hind wings. Characteristics Immatures: First instar (triungulin) has legs, high mobility Successive instars are legless and grub-like with reduced mouthparts Adults: Females remain larviform, legless and wingless, partially projecting from hosts abdomen. Males emerge with adult-like body Large fan-shaped hind wings; small club-like front wings Reduced mandibulate mouthparts Antennae 4- to 7-segmented; often with lateral branching Life Cycle Holometabola complete development (egg, larva, pupa, adult) Strepsiptera exhibit hypermetamorphic development: ? first instars (triungulins) are free-living and highly mobile. ? They locate and enter the body of a host. ? Subsequent instars are legless, grub-like internal parasites.  Feeding Most Strepsiptera (also known as twisted-wing parasites) live as internal parasites of bees, wasps, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, and other members of the order Hemiptera. ? Only a few species that parasitize bristletails (Archeognatha) are known to be free-living in the adult stage. Distribution Uncommon Larvae and adult females are internal parasites of other insects.   Habitat Male Strepsiptera have wings, legs, eyes, and antennae, and look like flies, though they generally have no useful mouthparts. Females, in all families except the Mengenillidae, never leave their host and are neotenic in form, lacking wings and legs. Males have a very short adult lifetime (usually less than five hours) and do not feed as adults. Many of their mouth parts are modified into sensory structures. Virgin females release a pheromone which the males search for. In the Stylopidia the female has its anterior region extruding out of the host body and the male mates by rupturing the females brood canal opening which lies between the head and prothorax. Sperm passes through the open