救济-福利-补贴——民国以来南京住房保障制度、机制及空间.PDFVIP

救济-福利-补贴——民国以来南京住房保障制度、机制及空间格局 1 2 王承慧 汤楚荻 摘要：住房保障体系反映一个国家的公民住房权利、基本经济制度和社会构造模式。保障谁、怎么 保，关联到和保障性住房有关的区位选择、建设量和住房标准。研究空间以及支撑空间生产的制度 和机制——法规制度及背景以及空间决策等机制的演变，可以让我们更为深刻地认识当今保障性住 房政策的根源由来，有助于在进行当前住房保障政策优化时，认识到不同发展路径的难易，从而有 助于决策层提出更精准的优化策略。本文在搜集史料基础上，深入分析了民国时期“棚户、平民住 宅以及政府职工住房”、计划经济时期“福利型职工住房”、改革开放初期“福利型职工住房延续” 以及1994 年以来逐渐形成的“政策性保障性住房”制度、机制及空间格局，总结了这四个时期之间 的发展关系，其中有延续、有断裂、有新生。最后，对照欧美国家的主流发展策略，分析了这些路 径所依赖的环境条件在国内的可行性。 关键词：保障性住房；空间格局；制度；机制 Relief, Welfare, Subsidies - Nanjing Housing Security System, Mechanism and Space Evolution Since the Republic of China Wang Chenghui Tang Chudi Abstract: Housing security system reflect citizens’ housing rights, the basic economic system and social structure model. For whom how to secure, these goals are linked with location, numbers of units and housing standards. Research on law and regulation system, the way of construction and the evolution of spatial decision-making mechanisms, can help understand the original causes of present housing policies. Further it can help recognize different development path and choose more accurate strategies when optimizing the current housing policies. Based on the historical data collection, the article makes in-depth analysis of shacks, congregated shelters and government servants housing of the Republic of China era, welfare housing of planned economy period, the later welfare housing of the early reform and opening era and affordable housing system from 1994. This article summarizes the relationship between the four periods. In summary, comparing with the mainstream of the development strategies of European and American countries, this article analyzed feasibilities of those pathes against the environmental conditions. Keywords: Housing security of China; spatial layout; institutions; mechanisms 1 追溯住房保障制度、机制及空间格局演变的意义