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decisions(策略决策)

Chapter 10 Game Theory and Competitive Strategy Guan Xizhan School of Management, Fudan University E-Mail: xzguan@ Topics to be Discussed Gaming and Strategic Decisions(策略决策) Dominant Strategies(上策,占优策略) The Nash Equilibrium Revisited Repeated Games(重复博弈) Topics to be Discussed Sequential Games(序贯博弈) Threats, Commitments, and Credibility(威慑、承诺与可信性) Entry Deterrence(进入阻止,进入威慑) Bargaining Strategy(讨价还价策略) Gaming and Strategic Decisions “If I believe that my competitors are rational and act to maximize their own profits, how should I take their behavior into account when making my own profit-maximizing decisions?” Gaming and Strategic Decisions Noncooperative versus Cooperative Games Cooperative Game(合作博弈) Players negotiate binding contracts(有约束力的契约) that allow them to plan joint strategies Example: Buyer and seller negotiating the price of a good or service or a joint venture by two firms (i.e. Microsoft and Apple) Binding contracts are possible Gaming and Strategic Decisions Noncooperative versus Cooperative Games Noncooperative Game Negotiation and enforcement of a binding contract are not possible Example: Two competing firms assuming the others behavior determine, independently, pricing and advertising strategy to gain market share Binding contracts are not possible Gaming and Strategic Decisions Noncooperative versus Cooperative Games “The strategy design is based on understanding your opponent’s point of view, and (assuming you opponent is rational) deducing how he or she is likely to respond to your actions” Gaming and Strategic Decisions An Example: How to buy a dollar bill 1) Auction a dollar bill 2) Highest bidder receives the dollar in return for the amount bid 3) Second highest bidder must pay the amount he or she bid Question: How much would you bid for a dollar? Acquiring a Company Scenario Company A: The Acquirer Company T: The Target A will offer cash for all of T’s shares What price to offer? Acquiring a Company Scenario The value of T depends

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