质量功能展开 QFD）.ppt

In essence, QFD is a project management tool. An Excel template is demonstrated and also distributed for generation of the matrices. It is contained in “QFD Template.xls”. Recall Kano Analysis from the VOC module. We use it here to help us prioritize and rank the WHAT’s. We don’t prioritize the HOW’s just yet. We will “score” them later. We can generate a “correlation” chart showing us the tradeoffs among design requirements. This is sometimes shown as the “roof” of a QFD “house”. Here we will use a simple matrix. We now calculate scores to help us prioritize our design requirements. NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Go to the next slide and ask how we might calculate scores based on the information in our matrix. Then do an example or two before clicking to show the final results. We next define our “Objectives Measures” Now we do gap analyses for each design requirement. There are many other types of gaps we could also explore. We could also add further detail later on such as Precision-to-Tolerance or Precision-to-Process from Measurement studies, or Cpk’s and Ppk’s from Capability studies. Objective values are always good! Gaps can be captured as numbers, bars, line charts, etc... The purpose of doing this type of analysis is to drive action! Don’t do QFD just for the sake of doing it. Once you have completed the initial matrix, you should generate “second,” “third” and “fourth” level charts as necessary to relate lower level inputs to your CTQ’s. This is how you get the most value out of this tool - Flow down requirements! This work will provide the basis for the DFSS Scorecard that is introduced later on in Project training. Here is where we complete our matrix. Note that there are no design requirements that relate to “High Reliability.” Thus we have identified a gap in our engineering requirements! We could just as well find a design requirement that doesn’t relate to any CTQ’s. This would be either an unnecessary design requirement