心血管活动调节医学培训课件.ppt

Total peripheral resistance decreases in a runner during strenuous exercise due to: A. increased parasympathetic nervous stimulation of the working skeletal muscle B. increased vasoconstriction of the large veins of the body C. increased metabolites in the IS surrounding the muscle If two liters of blood are lost from the body, arterial hypotension occurs. This can lead to the movement of fluid from the tissues into the capillaries in response to: A. Higher capillary hydrostatic pressure B. Lower capillary hydrostatic pressure C. Higher capillary oncotic pressure D. Lower capillary oncotic pressure Does MAP (increase, decrease or remain unchanged) during anaerobic exercise such as weight lifting? A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains unchanged The End. * Baroreceptor neurons function as sensors in the homeostatic maintenance of MAP by constantly monitoring pressure in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. Characteristics of baroreceptors: Sensitive to stretching of the vessel walls Proportional firing rate to increased stretching Responding to pressures ranging from 60-180 mmHg Receptors within the aortic arch are less sensitive than the carotid sinus receptors The action potential frequency in baroreceptor neurons is represented here as being directly proportional to MAP. Baroreceptor neurons deliver MAP information to the medulla oblongata’s cardiovascular control center (CVCC); the CVCC determines autonomic output to the heart. i.e., MAP is above homeostatic set point i.e., reduce cardiac output Reflex pathway Typical carotid sinus reflex Maintaining relatively constant arterial pressure, reducing the variation in arterial pressure Physiological Significance Humoral Regulation Vasoconstrictor agents Vasodilator agents Renin-angiotensin system Juxtaglomerular cell Renin Constricts resistance vessels Acts upon the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone Stimulates the release of vasopressin Facilitates norepinephri