公海海洋保护区的合法性探究.DOCVIP

【法宝引证码】 CLI.A.1216659? 原文链接： HYPERLINK /qikan/4da97f9979e439e87aa122a46c983823bdfb.html \t _blank /qikan/4da97f9979e439e87aa122a46c983823bdfb.html 公海海洋保护区的合法性探究  期刊名称： HYPERLINK /journal/articlebyclass?ClassCodeKey=123, \t _blank 《中国国际法年刊》 期刊年份： HYPERLINK /journal/findarticle?FilterItems.JournalYear=2015 \t _blank 2015 摘要： “公海海洋保护区”是指国家在公海上划定的、为实现一定保护目标而对其范围内的人类活动进行综合管理的海洋区域。尽管有关公海海洋保护区的实践已得到一定发展，但公海海洋保护区的法律地位仍未得到完全解决。现有公海国际法律制度规定，国家享有公海自由，各国的管辖权仅延伸至悬挂其旗帜的船舶；同时，国家负有养护生物资源和保护海洋环境的义务，这已成为一项习惯法义务。因此，国家设立并管理公海海洋保护区的首要条件是，其管理措施仅针对本国船舶。东北大西洋区域组织是最早设立公海海洋保护区的区域机制之一，其公海海洋保护区的管理分为缔约方管理和东北大西洋区域组织与主管机关合作管理两方面。从现有管理框架及其实施情况来看，非成员国的权利并未受到明显影响，但未来管理措施将如何发展尚不可知。为此，笔者提出若干种可能的情形，以进一步探讨公海海洋保护区制度在未来发展中的合法性问题。 英文摘要： High Seas Marine Protected Areas (“HSMPAs”) are geographically defined areas in the high seas within which human activities are regulated applying the ecosystem approach for one or more protective objectives. Although State practice related to HSMPAs has got some progress, the legal status of HSMPAs remains obscure. The current international legal regime of the high seas provides that States enjoy freedom of the high seas and their jurisdiction only extends to ships flying their flags; meanwhile, States bear the obligation to conserve living resources in the high seas and to protect the marine environment, which have been recognized as a rule of customary international law. Hence, the prerequisite for States to designate and manage HSMPAs is that their management measures are only binding on ships flying their flags. OSPAR is one of the regional mechanisms which have established HSMPAs. These HSMPAs are managed by two ways: one is by Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Convention; the other is by OSPAR Commission and Competent Authorities collectively. Based on the existing management framework and its operational condition, the right and interests of Non-contracting States to the OSPAR Convention are not apparently affected; however, any further development is unknow