对比剖析解读非谓语动词.docVIP

对比剖析解读非谓语动词 　　非谓语动词通常分为：动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。本文尝试以非谓语的句法功能为切入点，以逻辑主语为突破点，从对比分析的角度解读非谓语动词考点，希望对考生有所帮助。 　　 　　非谓语动词作状语是高考的第一大热点。在2011年各地高考的31题中占14题。 　　 　　第一组： 　　(2011年陕西省高考题) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 　　A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 　　解析：A 非谓语作状语的基本原则是：非谓语的逻辑主语与主句的主语必须一致，然后根据逻辑主语和非谓语的关系来判断主动或被动关系。此句主句的主语是the south foot of the mountain，它和see的关系是被动，过去分词表被动。 　　对比下面的句子： 　　①Seeing from the top of the tower, I find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 　　②Having seen the tower, I was shown around the south foot of the mountain-the sea of trees. 　　③Having been shown around the tower, I was taken to the south foot of the mountain-the sea of trees. 　　④To see the south foot of the mountain-the sea of trees, I had to climb onto the top of the tower. 　　分析：①逻辑主语I和see为主动关系，所以用现在分词；②逻辑主语I和see为主动关系，且see 的动作发生在主句动词show around 之前，所以用现在分词的完成式；③逻辑主语I和see为被动关系，且see 的动作发生在主句动词show around 之前，所以用现在分词的完成式被动形式；④to see...是目的状语，意思是“为了……”。 　　 　　第二组：不定式用在形容词后作原因状语 　　(2011年安徽省高考题) Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces. 　　A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 　　解析：D break和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，形容词后用不定式。 　　对比下面作补语的句子： 　　①Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate broken into small pieces. 　　②Tom asked the candy makers if they could make him break the chocolate into small pieces. 　　③Tom asked the candy makers if he was made to break the chocolate into small pieces. 　　分析：①make sth done “使……被……”; ②make sb do sth“让某人做……”; ③be made to do sth是make sb do sth的被动形式。 　　 　　第三组：only to do引导的结果状语和only doing 引导的伴随状语 　　(2008年辽宁省高考题) He was busy writing a story, only once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 　　A. to stop B. stopping 　　C. to have stopped D. having stopped 　　解析：B stop与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。only doing...作伴随状语，且是意料之中的事情。 　　对比下面的句子： 　　He wrote the story for two years , only to be told that every effort was in vain. 　　分析：only to do/ to be done.