数列高考试题常见题型及其分析.docVIP

数列高考试题常见题型及其分析 　　【摘要】数列作为中学数学的重要内容,在高考中占有特殊地位.纵观近几年高考数学题,每年除了客观性试题考察“三基”外,都有一道综合性的解答题,并且常作为压轴题,考查学生分析问题和解答问题的能力.这种综合题常将数列和函数、方程、不等式、三角、解析几何等知识融为一体,涉及知识面广、综合性强,除了要有扎实的“三基”知识,还要有一定的解题方法及技巧方能奏效。本人通过对近几年一些省区高考中的数列解答题为例,解析数列中的一些常考题型和考查方向。?? 　　【关键词】高考试题、数列和、常见题型高考数学题、客观性试题 　　 　　Sequence college entrance examination test question common topic and analysis 　　??Zhang xi?? 　　【Abstract】 　　The sequence as the middle school mathematicss important content, holds the special position in the college entrance examination. The holoscopic college entrance examination mathematics problems, inspect every year in recent years except the objectivity test question; Three basics Outside, has together the comprehensive solution answer, and often as the next to last act topic, examines the student to analyze the question and explanation question ability. This kind of synthesis synthesis often the sequence and the function, the equation, the inequality, the triangle, analyzes several what kind knowledge to merge into one organic whole, involves broadly the aspect of knowledge, comprehensive, except must have “the three basics” solidly the knowledge, but must have certain problem solving method and the skillful side can be effective. Myself through to some provincial capital area college entrance examinations sequence solution answer am the example in recent years, analyzes in the sequence some often the examination question and the examination direction。 　?? 　　【Key words】College entrance examination test question, sequence and, common topic college entrance examination mathematics problems, objectivity test question 　　 　　一. 等差与等比数列的证明 　　等差数列和等比数列是教材中重点讨论的两类特殊数列,又是较简单的递推数列,在数列中占很大份额,值得特别关注.高考中的数列问题,涉及这两类数列的证明也是常见的. 　　例1.(2006年江苏卷.21压轴题) 　　设数列 、 、 满足: , ( ), 　　证明 为等差数列的充分必要条件是 为等差数列且 ( ) 　　解析:等差数列的证明思路有两条,途径一是根据定义“从第二项起,每一项与前一项的差是一个常数的数列是等差数列”,即 (常数),或者根据等差中项概念即 .等比数列的证明类似. 　　(1)先证必要性 　　由 为等差数列,可设 (常数),从而得 　　 　　 (常数)且 　　 ,则 ( ) 　　(2)再证充分性 　　分析,要证明 为等差数列,根据题目式子的特点可尝试途径二,