2018届牛津译林版九年级英语上册课件：Unit 4 Grammar (I).pptVIP

Unit 4 Growing up Grammar after before at an earlier time than at a later time than A Using before, after, when and while 一.before and after How to use before Before means earlier than a certain time a. 表示“在…..之前就…..”。 Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned. b. 表示“过了多久后才… ，动作进行到什么程度才……” The man almost knocked me down before he saw me . They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village . They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal . c. 表示“刚…就…” I had hardly sat down before the bell rang. d. 表示“不知不觉就…..； 还没弄清就……” Time passed quickly and three months went by before Tom knew it. e. 用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示 “过了多久才…” It was three days before he came back. . f. 用于句型“ it was not long +时间段+ before …” 意为“不久就….” It was a long time before we met again. 过了很久我们才再次见面 g. 用于句型“it will be(not )+时间段+ before….”表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…” It will be half a year before you graduate from this school . It will be not long before you find you are wrong . 2.How to use after After means later than a certain time a.after引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义，往往要用一般现在时来表示(有时也用现在完成时)，而不能直接用一般将来时。如： 误：I’ll tell him after you wil leave. 正：I’ll tell him after you leave (或have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他。 b.选择一般现时或现在完成时(表示将来意义)的基本原则是：如果强调从句 动作在主句动作之前完成，则用现在完成时；如果强调主从句动作　同时发 生，或几乎同时发生(尤其是当从句的谓语动词是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return等表示迅速完成的动作的动词时)，多用一般现在时(有时 两种时态都可以)。如； I’ll leave after he comes back. 他回来后我就离开。 c. 一般说来，如果在过去某一时间内先后发生了两个动作,那么先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。但是若用连词after 来连接这两个动作，由于after本身已说明了两个动作的先后关系，所以两者均可用一般过去时。如： After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 关了门之后，他就离开了家。 d. 有时以连词after引导的时间状语从句可以换成一个以介词after引导介词短语或以连词after引导的分词短语，而意义不变。如： He went to school after he had breakfast (=after breakfast). 吃了早饭之后，他就去上学了。 After l had finished (=After having finished / After finishing / Having我干完活后就去睡觉了。 e. after还可用作副词，意为“后来”或“(一段时间)以后”，通常要放在另一时间副词之后。如： We arrived soon (或just /