Unit1 Wmen of achievement-grammar学案.docVIP

Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案 Unit1 en f ahieveent-graar学案 一、主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则，概括起不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致（语言内容上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致）。 1 语法形式一致: 按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式 （1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或bth…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： 1) The perfrane as ver funn 2) Serving the peple is great happiness 3) hether e’ll g depends n the eather 4) an natural aterials are being sare ) Bth u and I are students 6) hat I thin and hat I see have been fairl refleted in paper 注1：在hat 引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： hat e have t learn are the piees f language that prdue inversin 注2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如： The perfrane f the first three lns as ver funn （2）由as ell as, ith, alng ith, lie, tgether ith, rather than, exept, but, inluding, apanied b, plus, besides, in additin t, n less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： 1) ther, as ell as father, has a e t the ffie 2) The an tgether ith his ife and hildren sits there athing TV 3) His sister n less than u is rng 4) The reading urse b, plus its referene bs, is helpful t llege students (3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, eah, ne, the ther, anther, sebd, sene, sething, anne, anthing, anbd, everne, everthing, everbd, n ne, nthing, nbd等。例如： 1) Neither lies the friends f the ther (两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。) 2) Everthing arund us is atter (我们周围的所有东西都是物质。) (4)在neither f与either f的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，一般用单数形式。例如： 1) Neither f the as in gd health, but bth red ver hard 2) Has either f the been seen reentl? ()当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如： 1)The bread and butter is served fr breafast (早饭供应黄油面包。) 2)The bread and the butter are n sale (正在出售黄油和面包。) （6）当ne f, a prtin f, a series f, a speies f, a hain f 结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： 1)ne f thse students has passed the exainatin 2)A series f pre-rerded tapes has been prepared fr language labratr use （7）plent f, half f, a lt f, lts f, heaps f, lads f, sads f等 + 可数与