《油井清蜡与防蜡的研究及应用》》-毕业论文.docVIP

PAGE l 油井清蜡与防蜡的研究及应用 摘要 A油田属于小而肥的高品位油田，埋藏浅、油层单一、胶结疏松、高孔、高渗、稀油、边水活跃、初期产量高，但是原油中合蜡量高达6％左右，开采过程中结蜡容易造成自喷井油嘴堵塞、机抽井卡光杆、地面管线堵塞而影响正常生产。通过开展恒温溶蜡实验，矿场总结单井结蜡规律，采取区别对待，根据油压、套压、回压变化，对自喷井检查油嘴、启抽、热洗井筒及地面管线、机械刮蜡等有效措施，投入开发三年以来没有一口井和一条管线发生过蜡卡事故，油井生产平稳有序，集输管线安全畅通，以甲方12人的经营团队累积产油72×104t，采收率50％，自然递减为-7％，综合含水仅1.6％。 关键词：结蜡规律；热洗；人工清蜡方法 Abstract： A oilfield was a high-quality oilfield with shallow buried depth，single reservoir，loose cementation，highporosity，high permeability，thin oil，andactive edge water．Its initial potential production was high，but paraffin content of crude oil was as high as 6％，and in the production process，paraffinning caused choke plugging of flowing wells，polish rod stucking of artificial lift wells，and ground pipeline block so that normal production was affected．By constant temperature paraffin melting experiment，single-well paraffinning law was summarized，and according to oil pressure，set pressure，back pressure changes，differential treatment was taken．For flowing wells，choke check，wellbore hot washing and ground shaft，mechanical paraffin scraping and other effective measures were taken，and no polish rod stucking was happened caused by paraffinning for 3 years since A oilfield was put into production．Oil production was well organized，well and pipelines were safe and straightaway，cumulative oil production of A well was 72×104 t，oil recovery rate was 50％，natural decline was -7％and watercut was only 1.6％． Keywords：paraffinning law；hot washing；manual paraffin removal method 目录 前言……………………………………………………………………………………1 第一章 油井结蜡机理分析…………………………………………………………2 1.1 石蜡的性质………………………………………………………………………2 1.2 影响油井结蜡的主要因素………………………………………………………3 1.3 油井结蜡造成的危害……………………………………………………………4 第二章 各种清防蜡技术的机理及使用方式………………………………………6 2.1 机械清蜡技术……………………………………………………………………6 2.2 热力清蜡技术……………………………………………………………………8 2.3 表面处理防蜡技术………………………………………………………………10 2.4 磁防蜡技术………………………………………………………………………10 2.5 化学清防蜡技术…………………………………………………………………12 2.6 微生物清蜡技术…………………………………………………………………15 第三章 A油田在油井清防蜡技术上的应用………………………………………16 3.