大功率充电机研制及并联充电控制策略研究-控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docx

摘要 随着环境和能源问题的日益凸显，电动汽车是解决这些问题与汽车工业发展矛盾的最 好途径。锂电池动力电池组作为电动汽车的电力驱动来源，其续航里程和使用寿命直接影 响电动汽车的普及与发展，因此，研究符合电池特性的智能快速大功率充电机具有十分重 要的意义。 本文根据磷酸铁锂电池的充电特性，采用多个充电模块并联方式，设计研制了 20kW 大功率充电机，重点对充电机建模与充电策略进行了一定研究。主要工作包含如下几部分： 首先，在充分了解大功率充电机发展现状的基础上，通过对充电机的调制方式、充电 模型以及并联均流等关键技术进行深入研究，完成充电机总体结构、控制策略等的设计。 其次，以充电机及其电池负载组成双电源单输出系统，对充电过程进行等效并建立数 学模型，设计分阶段可变参数的 PI 控制器实现充电机恒流充电。 然后，根据磷酸铁锂电池组充电特性，提出更符合充电曲线的多阶段变电流间歇充电 方法与电池的荷电状态（SOC）估计相结合的智能充电控制策略，该控制策略在充电机实 验平台上对磷酸铁锂电池组多次进行充放电试验。 最后对充电机控制策略进行系统的设计，提出单模块充电、并联模块均流充电、并联 模块优化充电等多种方式充电。将并联模块均流充电、并联模块优化充电方式与充电控制 策略结合，在 20kW 样机上验证系统控制策略可行。 关键词：大功率充电机；磷酸铁锂电池；充电方法；SOC 估计；并联均流； 并联优化 I Abstract With the serious problems of energy and environment, the best way to resolve the confliction between these problems and auto industry development is the electric vehicle. As EV cell, lithium iron phosphate battery is EV’s direct power source. Its distance that an EV can travel per charge and cycle life directly affects the development and popularization of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is has the vital significance that researching on intelligent high-power charging machine which conform to the battery characteristics. In this paper, a 20kW high power charging machine with multiple charging modules in parallel for the lithium iron phosphate battery was designed and developed. This article has carried out the research from the following main aspects: Firstly, based on comprehensive investigation and analysis of the research and development status of chargers, the overall structure, and main circuit of the high-power charger were designed. Considering charger’s own characteristic, these key techniques such as modulation method, the charging strategies, and the parallel current-sharing have been in-depth studied. Secondly, dual power system is composed of charging machine and battery load. The system’s main circuit based on the output filter was simplified in order to establish its mathematical model. The multiple PI controllers of variable parameters have