地学信息图谱方法的继承与创新-InternationalCartographic.DOC

PAGE PAGE 1 CARTOGRAPHIC METHODOLOGY FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE Shupeng Chen (Institute of Geographical Science and Resource Research CAS, Beijing, China 100101) Abstract Culture gene and knowledge innovation of Chinese cartography In China, cartographic cultural inheritance conserved to now can be traced back to inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty, which was about 3,500 years ago. It’s information medium was bones, copper, gold, silk, papers or stone inscriptions, all of which were made of the most advanced materials and craftworks at that time. It’s content included hunting, gardening, graveburying, city and geography, all of these also showed advancement of science and technology, comprehensive social requirement of military administration, traffic and roads, urban planing et al. They supplied a multi-cartography-gene base for world and resource of knowledge innovation for progress of science and technology. 2. Historical enlightenment of grid mapping evolution and transformation Farmland irrigation and “Jing Tian Zhi” (The Square-Fields System) of B.C.6-4 century gestated grid rudiment, mapping principal in《Ji LI Hua Fang》(Counting-in-miles and Drawing-in-grids) brought forward A.D. 3 century affected about 1,000 years from carved-stone map of 11 century to chorography and countrywide map of Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasty. Biorbit system overlayed by latitude-longitude and grid system appeared after biexchangment of oriental and occidental mapping science and technology about 16 century. In 20th century of remote sensing and computer aided mapping widespread, grid map bobbed up like a cork, it is exerted particular function and created resplendence for solving matching of pixel and statistical cells. Drifting of map function With the flying development of science and technology on aerial photograph, Remote Sensing and Global Position System et al in 20th century, social function of maps has changed distinctlyit is being drifted step b