分布式光纤振动传感器系统硬件设计及实验-光学工程专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 光纤传感器，从 70 年代末提出以来，因其具备了灵敏度高、动态范围大、不受电 磁干扰等优点，在军事，工业，科研等领域都取得了广泛的应用。而分布式光纤振动 传感器则可以实现连续高精度定位传感，具有广阔的应用前景。本文在广泛阅读文献 的基础上，对分布式光纤振动传感器技术的基本原理进行研究，分析传感器系统的硬 件组成以及系统对硬件的要求，设计适用于系统的光电硬件。论文主要内容包括： (1) 介绍分布式光纤振动传感器技术的基本原理，分析系统硬件设计的关键问题 以及影响系统性能的因素； (2) 从分析分布式光纤振动传感器系统对光源的要求出发，选择合适的激光器光 源，设计电源驱动系统和温度控制系统，并进行理论分析和实验验证； (3) 实现光电转换。分析选用的PIN光电二极管的理论模型，介绍光电探测电路的 基本结构及电路的噪声来源，设计改进的光电探测电路；介绍PIN-FET组件，并制作其 外围辅助电路。 (4) 分析实现系统压力增敏的方案，介绍各种光纤振动传感用特殊光纤；从理论 上分析改进光纤来实现系统增敏的原理，优化设计光纤结构以及铺设方案，并进行了 实验验证。 (5) 将各个分立的光电部件合理的摆放在合适的机箱中，组成整机系统。并进行 整机实验。 在论文的最后，根据理论分析和实验结果，对整个系统硬件设计做一简单的总结。 关键词：分布式光纤传感器 马赫－泽德干涉仪 激光器驱动 温度控制 信号检测 压力增敏 II II Abstract Optical fiber sensor was brought forward in the end of 1970’s. It obtained wide application in military, industrial, scientific and other fields with the outstanding advantages such as high sensitivity, wide dynamic range and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensor could achieve continuous and high sensitive detecting and locating of the vibration signals, so it has the broad application prospect. Based on the extensive reading of the reference literatures, the theory of distributed fiber vibration sensor technology is researched and discussed, the hardware components of the system is analyzed, and the optoelectronic hardware applicable to the system is designed in this paper. The main contents are organized as follow: Introduce the basic theory of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor technology. Analyze the key issues of the hardware design and the factors affecting system performance. By analyzing the requirements of the distributed fiber vibration sensing system source, choose a suitable laser source, and design a LD driver and a temperature control system. Analyze and investigate the feasibility. Convert the optical signals to electric signals. Describe the theoretical model of the PIN photoelectric diode. Introduce the structure of photoelectric detection circuit and analyze the noise