大型机组自然通风湿式冷却塔结构优化-动力工程专业论文.docx

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 以自然通风逆流湿式冷却塔工作原理为基础，采用计算流体力学方法分析塔内 空气流场分布。网格前处理软件采用 GAMBIT，流场迭代计算软件使用 FLUENT。 由于冷却塔内雨区、喷水区和填料区传热传质特点不同，在上述区域采用不同的数 值计算模型。填料区采用 Poppe 模型模拟循环水在填料区呈膜状流动并与空气发生 传热传质的过程，通过 FLUENT 提供的 UDF 实现。喷水区和雨区采用 DPM 模型 可以较好地描述水滴与空气热质交换的过程。 以我国华北地区某电厂 1000MW 机组采用的大型冷却塔为基准，建立数值计算 模型分析其热力特性。考虑周围环境对冷却塔的影响，将流体计算区域适当扩大。 依据其运行资料，以出塔水温为主要指标，验证数值计算模型的准确性。结果表明， 该数值计算模型所得结果误差较小，最大相对误差 1.71%。 针对冷却塔中央区域换热情况恶劣的问题，以此模型验证冷却塔加装中央补风 管和采用双层进风方案对冷却塔冷却效果的影响。结果表明，上述两种方法均能提 高冷却塔的冷却效果，可以有效降低出塔水温。其中，加装中央补风管平均可降低 出塔水温 0.433℃，采用双层进风方案平均可降低出塔水温 1.41℃。 在不同季节和不同环境侧风下，对内陆核电机组采用的巨型冷却塔进风口高度 最优取值进行了计算验证。分析不同进风口高度对塔内温度分布、冷却数、出塔水 温及侧风敏感性的影响。以机组的最大供电量为依据，确定最优的巨型冷却塔进风 口高度为 12m。 关键词：冷却塔；数值模拟；中央补风管；双层进风；热力特性 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 II II Abstract Based on the theory of natural draft counter flow wet cooling tower, analyze the flow field in tower with the help of CFD. Mesh the grid with GAMBIT and iterate the equation with FLUENT. Use different numerical study models in these zones for the characteristics of heat and mass transfer are different in rain zone, spray zone and fill zone in tower. In fill zone, Poppe model was applied to simulate water drops film flow and transfer heat and mass with air. UDF could describe it correctly. In spray zone and rain zone, DPM was provided to describe the heat and mass transfer between water drop and air. Build a numerical simulation model to analyze the thermal performance based on a large cooling tower of 1000MW generating unit existing in a power plant in North China. Expand the computing area to demonstrate the influence of the surrounding. Confirm the accuracy of the numerical model by the teat data of outlet water temperature of the tower. Results means the numerical model is accurate enough and the deviation is low. Max relative error was 1.71%. To solve the problem that deterioration of heat transfer occurs in the center of cooling tower, verify the effect of two solutions: apply central catheter pipes and double-decker inlet. Results elucidated that the two so