制度变迁中国足球职业化改革动因进程与反思.docVIP

制度变迁中国足球职业化改革动因进程与反思 　　摘 要：中国足球职业化改革的动因在于市场经济下巨大外部利润的形成、固有制度的非均衡性与政府主导的强制性制度变迁；改革经历了甲A阶段和中超阶段，前一个阶段主要表现为制度变迁的帕累托改进，市场得到开拓，各方总收益良好；后一阶段主要表现为制度变迁的非帕累托改进，原因在于利益主体非一致化，制度变迁遇到瓶颈，奥运战略下的路径依赖制约了足球改革进一步深化。由此提出：政府主导的制度变迁要与社会的诱致变迁相互协调；渐进改革与强制变迁要正确对待；改革中的制度非中性不可忽视，要进行规制引导，利益主体关系的变异性应进行及时的研判与调适。 　　关 键 词：体育管理学；中国足球；职业化改革；制度变迁 　　中图分类号：G80；G843 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2012)01-0025-06 　　 　　Institutional transition: The impetus, process and retrospection of 　　football professionalization reform in China 　　GONG Bo 　　（Football Teaching Section，Shanghai University of Sport，Shanghai 200438，China） 　　 　　Abstract: The impetus of football professionalization in China came from the formation of tremendous external profits under market economy, non equilibrium of the intrinsic system, and compulsive institutional transition lead by the government; the reform went though Class A stage and Super League stage, the former stage mainly showed Pareto improvement of institutional transition, market expansion and good incomes gained by various parties; the latter stage mainly showed non Pareto improvement of institutional transition, causes for this are as follows: interest subjects were not unified; institutional transition encountered bottleneck difficulties; course dependence under Olympic strategies restricted the further deepening of football reform. Therefore the author put forward the follow-ing opinions: institutional transition lead by the government should be mutually harmonious with transition induced by the society; gradual reform and compulsive reform should be dealt with correctly; institutional non neutral in re-form should not be ignored, should be regulated and guided; the variation of relations between interest subjects should be studied and adjusted in a timely manner. 　　Key words: science of sport management；Chinese football；professionalization perform；institutional transition 　　 　　 　　近20年中国足球职业化改革毁誉参半，足球改革成为研究热点。新制度经济学关于制度非均衡与制度变迁的理论为足球改革也提供了很好的理论视野和分析框架，一些研究对职业足球制度环