引导从句what that which.doc

引导从句what that which 　　语法填空的纯空格题主要要求考生填写冠词、介词、代词、连词，包括各类从句的连接词或引导词。然而多数考生在要求填写从句引导词题上频频“失手”，如错用what来引导定语从句。因此，笔者以历年的语法填空题（包括地方模拟题）来谈谈从句引导词试题的解题思路并辨析高频考查的引导词what, that和which在从句中的用法。 　　一、what/ that/ which引导的名词性从句 　　名词性从句相当于名词，在句子中作主语的称为主语从句，作宾语的称为宾语从句，作表语的称为表语从句，另外在名词后面起到对内容补充说明作用的同位语的名词性从句称之为同位语从句。 　　试做下面题目： 　　1. At first, the donkey realized_____________was happening and cried horribly. 　　2.“Thank you for_____________you’ve said. I hope I will never be too busy to help others.” With that, Thomas Jefferson turned his horse around and went away. 　　3. He hopes that sharing_____________he’s been through will help others. 　　4. They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of_____________would be considered a very poor family. 　　5. It never occurred to me_____________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 　　6. The only difference is_____________today’s employment of children is confined to small industries and family businesses. 　　7. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact_____________she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished for a driving mistake. 　　8. Its publication has started a debate as to_____________way of parenting is superior, the traditional Chinese way or the American way. 　　[参考答案] 　　1. what　　2. what　　3. what　　4. what　　5. that　　6. that　　7. that　　 8. which 　　[思路点拨] 　　以上第1-4题考查了what在名词性从句中的用法。题1,4中，what作从句的主语；题2中，what作动词say的宾语；在题3中，what作介词through的宾语。第5-7题考查了that在名词性从句中的用法。that在这三题中分别引导了主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。题8考查which在名词性从句中的用法，这里which引导宾语从句。 　　考生可以遵循以下做题步骤，坚持实践，提高做题速度和正确率。 　　1. 从宏观角度分析句子结构，抓住句子的主干，从而判断出从句的类型。 如何分析句子结构呢？这就需要抓住句子的关键点，也是核心点――动词部分。抓住了动词就意味着抓住了句子的脊梁和命脉。因为英语句子的主干结构就是“主语+谓语动词+宾语”或者“主语+系动词+表语”。在平时训练中，考生找句子中的主语或宾语是比较困难的, 相对而言找动词会比较容易。考生根据动词的形式确定出句子的谓语动词，动词前后可以确定出句子的主语或宾语成分。如题1中，我们可以知道空格后的句子是realized的宾语从句。题2和4中，空格在介词for和of后，可以判断出后面的句子是介词的宾语从句。题3的sharing_____________he’s been through是在主句谓语动词hope后的宾语从句中作主语。 　　2. 分析确定出的从句，判断从句中所缺的成分。 　　that引导名词性从句时没有意义，仅起连接作用，不在句子中充当任何成分。当它引导的同位语从句、表语从句