微量元素Mo对宝坻大蒜生长影响研究.docVIP

微量元素Mo对宝坻大蒜生长影响研究 　　摘 要：对宝坻大蒜基地土壤Mo丰缺状况进行了调查评价 ,并计算了Mo的输入输出净通量。结果表明，宝坻大蒜基地土壤有效Mo一般在0.05～0.17 mg?kg-1，种植大蒜每季从化肥输入的Mo为1 538.72 mg?hm-2，从灌溉水输入的Mo通量为6 750 mg?hm-2，大蒜每季从耕植层带出的Mo量为7 270 mg?hm-2。宝坻大蒜基地90%以上土壤缺Mo，大蒜是对缺Mo敏感性强的农作物，从化肥和灌溉水这两种方式输入的Mo只能满足大蒜需求60%左右，必须要有其他Mo源才能满足大蒜正常生长需要。常用的钼肥有钼酸铵和钼酸钠,施Mo量一般只有14～140 g?hm-2。采用叶面喷施或播前进行种子处理方法可以有效解决大蒜基地缺Mo问题。 　　关键词： 宝坻大蒜；钼；缺乏；施肥建议 　　中图分类号：S633.4 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2012.01.027 　　 　　Effect of Mo on the Growth of Baodi Garlic 　　CAO Shu-ping , LU Yu-wen 　　(Tianjin Geologic Institute, Tianjin 300191, China) 　　Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: This article assessmented the soil in the Baodi garlic base ,and counted the Mo net amount input and output. The results showed the soil available Mo content was 0.05～0.17 mg?kg-1. The Input Amount of Mo from Fertilization was 1 538.72 mg?hm-2 in the Baodi garlic base ,the input amount of Mo from irrigation was 6 750 mg?hm-2, output amount from garlic was 7 270 mg?hm-2. The investigation shows that in the Baodi garlic base, the soil available Mo content was under the critical level in more than 90% area . Garlic was high sensitivity with Mo deficiency. Now only 60% Mo demand of garlic could be provided by fertilization and irrigation，and other Mo sources was wanted to satisfy the garlic normally growth need. The commonly used molybdate fertilizer were Sodium molybdate and Ammonium molybdate and the fertilizer rate was only 14～140 g?hm-2. Spraying on leaves and seed-treatment could be used to solve the molybdate deficiency of the garlic base effectively. 　　Key words: the Baodi garlic; molybdate; deficiency; fertilization recommendation 　　 　　 　　 　　宝坻 “六瓣红”大蒜以其胶质含量高，口感经久不变而闻名全国，并进入国际市场。从明朝万历年间开始种植大蒜，距今已有400多年历史；宝坻大蒜产区处于宝坻断裂与工部断裂交界点以东、地形由高变低的区域，同时也是潮白河与蓟运河交界带，且该区第四纪以来经历过2次海侵，物理化学条件变化较大，大蒜必需的各种营养物质在该区十分丰富。得天独厚的自然条件使土壤中长期保持大量矿物质营养，有利于大蒜生长，也大大减轻了土壤中的盐碱性和有害虫卵。近年来，由于生态环境恶化，华北地区持续严重干旱，当年得天独厚的自然环境受到一定破坏，宝坻大蒜出现蒜头减小、不抽薹等退化现象[1-2]。大蒜生长除了N、P、K三要素外，还需要多种微量元素组合才能形成较大的蒜头。Mo是作物生长发育必需的微量元素之一，调查发现宝坻大蒜基地土壤Mo属于中等