费耶阿本德科学方法论分析-科学技术哲学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 费耶阿本德科学方法论体系是围绕“怎么都行”原则来构建的。费耶阿本德早年曾 受克拉夫特和波普尔的影响，其早期哲学思想具有一定的唯物主义成分。后来由于库恩 等人的影响，其哲学思想发生了深刻变化。他把库恩思想中的某些相对主义因素发展到 了极端，提出了多元主义科学方法论原则。 费耶阿本德科学方法论的基本观点是：科学方法论是多元的，科学方法论的唯一原 则是“怎么都行”。他继而又从“怎么都行”原则引申出了“反归纳原则”、“增生原则” 和“韧性原则”。反归纳原则与传统归纳主义不同，它要求新理论必须与公认理论不一 致，与得到充分确凿的事实不一致；韧性原则也叫理论韧性原则，即从一些理论中选择 一个有可望获得最大成果的理论并坚持之；增生原则要求及时创立、发展与公认理论不 一致的新理论，这样才能够使理论多元化，以便相互借鉴使理论优化。 费耶阿本德科学方法论反对方法论的一元主义，提倡方法论的多元主义。这有助于 完善和发展科学方法论，保护文化的多样性，鼓励人的创造性的发展，促进人的自由的 发展。 关键词 费耶阿本德 科学方法论 多元主义 II II Abstract Abstract The system of Feyerabends scientific methodology was built on the fundamental principle--anything goes. Feyerabend was influenced by V.Kraft and K.Popper. His early philosophy had some materialism factors. However, his philosophy changed a lot owe to Kuhn and some other people. He pushed relativism factor in Kuhns system to the extreme, and brought forward a philosophy of science theory which he named it Pluralist theory of Scientific Methodology. Feyerabend thought that scientific methodology was pluralist. The only principle of Feyerabends Scientific Methodology was anything goes. In addition, he proposed counter-inductive principle, proliferation principle and tenacity principle. The counter-inductive principle is different from traditional induction. It requires that new theory must be inconsistent with the accepted theory and well-established facts. In his opinion, principle of tenacity was something like that: choosing one theory which is the most hopeful to achieve the biggest fruit among several theories, and insisting on it even you meet some trouble. Feyerabend thought that principle of proliferation advocates multiplication. Principle of proliferation asks for building and developing new theory conflicted with the accepted theory. This principle encourages new theory to be conflicted with the accepted theory, even accepted theory was generally admitted. Theories were to multiplication from this, and people could consult each other. Feyerabend scientific methodology