干旱荒漠区核果类果树抗旱生理及形态特性研究-果树学专业论文.docx

干旱荒漠区核果类果树抗旱生理及形态特性研究 干旱荒漠区核果类果树抗旱生理及形态特性研究 PAGE PAGE 6 干旱荒漠区核果类果树抗旱生理及形态特性研究 摘 要 本论文以干旱荒漠区早露蟠桃、仁用杏、牛心李、梨枣为试验材料，探索上述果树在干旱荒 漠区根系分布及叶片形态结构特点。采用人工控制灌水造成干旱胁迫，研究干旱胁迫前后生理指 标的变化，结果如下： 1.根系观测表明：生长在干旱荒漠区的早露蟠桃和牛心李的根系分布相似，直径 D1mm 和 1mmD3mm 的根系数量多，总长度较长；仁用杏和梨枣相似，直径 D3mm 的根系多且分布深。 2. 通过叶片形态结构参数比较结果，初步判定四种果树抗旱性顺序为：梨枣、仁用杏 牛心李早露蟠桃。 3.失水 36h 后四种果树离体叶片含水量：早露蟠桃＞梨枣＞仁用杏＞牛心李；离体枝 条失水率：仁用杏＞早露蟠桃＞牛心李＞梨枣。 4. 干旱胁迫第 15 天时土壤含水量与对照相比下降了 65.2%-69.5%，土壤含水量平均 值为 7.32%。 5.干旱胁迫下四种果树叶片含水量都呈下降趋势，复水后恢复。梨枣的下降幅度和速 度比其他三树种稍平缓，仁用杏次之，早露蟠桃和牛心李下降较为明显。 6.干旱胁迫下四种果树细胞膜伤害率都呈上升趋势，复水后恢复。梨枣、仁用杏的细 胞膜伤害率比早露蟠桃和牛心李低。 7.干旱胁迫下四种果树叶绿素含量呈下降趋势。处理第 9 天叶绿素（Chl)含量下降幅 度增大，且 Chlb 含量下降幅度比 Chla 明显，尤其是早露蟠桃。复水后恢复但都低于 对照水平。 8.干旱胁迫下四种果树脯氨酸含量总体表现出“先升后降”的变化趋势，复水后迅速 下降。脯氨酸累积能力为：早露蟠桃梨枣仁用杏牛心李。 9.干旱胁迫下四种果树可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势，复水后不同程度下降。可溶性糖的 增加幅度为：梨枣仁用杏牛心李早露蟠桃。 10.根据各指标与细胞膜伤害率的相关性，应用隶属函数值法综合评定四种果树抗旱 性。结果表明：DA 值大小顺序为：梨枣≈仁用杏＞牛心李＞早露蟠桃。 关键词：干旱荒漠区 核果类果树 抗旱生理 形态特性 新疆农业大学硕士毕业论文 新疆农业大学硕士毕业论文 Study on Drought-resistance and Configuration Properties of Stone Fruits in Arid-desert Area Sang Jianrong(Pomology) Supervised by proffessor Li Jiang Abstract The dissertation studies on the roots distribution and leaves configuration properties of Peach, Apricot, Plum, Jujube which were growing in arid-desert area. The changes of physiological indexes were studied under drought stress and releasing from stress. The results were as follows: Roots observation shown: in arid-desert area, the roots distribution of Peach and Plum were similar. The roots amount of D(Diameter) 1mm and 1mm D3mm were more and the total length was longer, while Apricot and Jujube had far more and deeper the roots of D 3mm. Four stone fruits drought-resistance were judged by comparing leaves parameters, the order was Apricot Jujube