低频电磁波在大地信道中的传输特性分析通信与信息系统专业论文.docx

山东 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘 要 透地通信系统是能够解决矿井安全问题的重要途径，但是建立稳定可靠的透地通信 系统有一定的难度，由于大地介质是导电介质，所以电磁波在其中传输时存在严重衰减， 又由于大地的复杂结构，电磁波需要经过反射、折射、多径传输等过程才能到达信道末 端。所以研究电磁波在透地信道中的传输特性对于稳定的透地通信系统来讲是一个必要 条件。 本文对低频电磁波传输的一般规律作了简单介绍，详细研究了大地介质的信道特性。 包括衰减特性、多径效应等。另外详细分析了低频电磁波在大地介质中的路径损耗、传 播常数和波阻抗随着电磁参数的变化关系并得出相应结论。 本文还对大地分层介质进行了参数化建模分析，通过 MATLAB 进行数据仿真，总结了 电磁波在各岩层中的传播情况，并在此基础上分析了各层中电磁波的平均功率密度变化。 本文重点研究了低频电磁波在大地媒质分界面上的反射与透射情况，通过分析三层 介质分界面上的反射与透射推导出了求解 N 层介质反射系数与透射系数的具体步骤。另 外还得出反射系数、透射系数与工作频率、入射角以及相对介电常数之间的变化关系。 本文还通过 FDTD 这种时域分析方法对低频电磁波在地表面的反射波与透射波做了仿真 分析。验证了电磁波在分界面上的衰减特性以及透射波的时延特性。 关键字：低频电磁波 传输特性 反射与透射 MATLAB FDTD Abstract Underground communication system is an important method which could resolve the safety problem, but to establish a stable and reliable underground communication system is very hard. The earth medium is a conductive medium, so the electromagnetic wave in that exist attenuation characteristics. Besides, electromagnetic wave will through reflection， refraction and multi path process to get to the end channel. So researching the transmission properties of the electromagnetic wave underground will be a necessary condition for establishing stable underground communication system. The general rule of lower frequency wave has been introduced at the beginning of this paper. The earth medium channel characteristics which include attenuation characteristics, multi path effect have been researched in detail. And the relationship between medium path loss, transmission constant, wave impedance and electromagnetic parameters about the lower frequency waves in earth medium has been analyzed. The earth layered medium has been parameterized with two kinds of models in this paper. Through the MATLAB data analysis, the spread situation of electromagnetic wave in the rock can be seen intuitively. Based on that, change of the average power density in each layer has been analyzed. The reflection and transmission on the boundary of the earth media has been studied with emphasi