高强度螺栓失效研究与扭矩系数测定-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 近几年我国的风电行业发展迅猛，风电机组的质量安全也越来越受到重视。 由于高强螺栓失效引起的风电事故屡次出现，风电主机厂越来越关注高强螺栓扭 矩系数的测量和拧紧力矩的控制。机组上大型铸件的螺栓连接扭矩系数的确定非 常关键，一般风力发电机组生产厂家是考虑标准螺母的扭矩系数实验结果，再根 据经验修正来估算铸件上高强螺栓安装的扭矩系数。在螺栓出厂前，螺栓厂会进 行扭矩系数测定试验，但是试验在实验室进行，与现场装配环境、人工操作存在 一定的误差，导致测定的扭矩系数与实际装配环境不符。 本文提出一种新型的装配现场测量扭矩系数的方法，研制开发了一套轻巧、 便携的测量设备，此套设备包括：液压泵、轴力传感器、轴力数字显示表、扭矩 传感器、扭矩数字显示表等。利用轴力传感器测量螺栓拧紧时的轴力，套筒传感 器测量螺栓拧紧时的扭矩，显示表显示出螺栓拧紧时的轴力和扭矩，根据公式计 算扭矩系数。在装配现场使用此方法进行扭矩系数测量，分别针对影响扭矩系数 的因素进行试验，试验侧重的因素包括螺纹间配合的精度、表面处理、表面润滑 等，分析了各种因素对扭矩系数的影响规律。在现场利用此方法进行了 167 次试 验，得到了详细的原始数据。通过数据分析得到了螺栓失效的原因，找到了相应 解决办法。根据此方法确定高强螺栓的拧紧力矩，可以提高机组的安全性和可靠 性，提高机组的市场竞争力。 关键词：高强螺栓、扭矩系数、预紧力、拧紧力矩、润滑 II II Abstract In recent years, the wind power industry is developing rapidly in China, the quality and safety of wind turbines is paid more and more attention. Because the wind power accident caused by high strength bolt failure has occurred, wind power plants concerned high-strength bolts about the measurement of torque coefficient and the control of tighten torque. It is very critical to determine the torque coefficient of bolt installed in large castings. Generally, the wind turbine manufacturers consider the standard experimental results of nut torque coefficient, then according to experience to estimate the torque coefficient of high strength bolt installed on the casting. Before delivery, bolt factory will measure the torque coefficient by test, but tests carry through in laboratory, is not same as wind turbine installation factory, and the way of operation is either different. Because of these factors, it is different between measured torque coefficient and the actual coefficient. This paper proposes a new method to measure torque coefficient used in field assembly, developed a set of lightweight, portable measuring equipment, this set of equipment including: hydraulic pump, axial force sensor, digital display meter, torque sensor, digital display meter, etc. Using axial force sensor measure the axial force when bolt tightening, sl