中西文化之鉴期末复习.docxVIP

Cross-cultural Communication What is culture？ 1. a system of meaning Culture is like an iceberg (objective and subjective) Culture is our software (fade into the background, just know that we can be) Culture is like the water a fish swims in (a part of who we are and what the world it like for us, taken for granted) Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves (to show who we are and what the world is like) Culture is the grammar of our behavior (rules to behave appropriately) --Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people. --As participants, we are meaning makers --Cultures are always changing 2. Four levels of cross-cultural awareness Cultural differences are exotic Cultural differences are frustrating The different culture is believable The different culture is believable as lived experience *P31*(a diagram!) Stereotype 1. Definition: A generalization that goes beyond the existing evidence, an inaccurate or over generalization, is a stereotype. 2. Negative stereotypes --A generalization that goes beyond the existing evidence, an inaccurate or over generalization, is a stereotype. (positive vs. negative) --Prejudice: stereotypes including negative feelings and attitudes toward a group Forms: severe prejudice (e.g. Women are inferior to men.) symbolic prejudice (e.g. People from Xinjiang are thieves.) tokenism subtle prejudice real likes and dislikes preference for the familiar 3. Differences: Stereotyping: A stereotype is an overly simplified/generalized way of thinking about a person, group, etc. Anyone can stereotype and can be the target of stereotyping. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people. Prejudice: Prejudice refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a p