【5A文】经典天体物理讲义.pptVIP

* /2001/0301issue/0301armstrongbox1.html * Annie J. Cannon. A member of the Harvard College Observatory for almost 50 years, Cannon classified the spectra of several hundred thousand stars. Today she is recognized as the founder of modern spectral classification. * /spectra.html These are hot stars, with surface temperatures greater than 10,000 K. As a consequence their spectra are rising into the blue. You should also note the steady increase of the strength of the hydrogen absorption lines. * Now we see a progression from stars with temperatures around 7000 (F7) to those with temperatures of around 4000 (K5). The strength of the hydrogen lines decreases as collisional excitation in these cooler atmospheres is insufficient to populate excited stats in hydrogen. Metallic lines now become much stronger. In particular, Calcium II H and K (wavelength around 3900 Angstroms), Magnesium I (5150 angstroms - see especially K stars) and Sodium D around 5800 angstroms. As you get to lower temperature proportinately more flux is emitted at longer (redder wavelengths). * 93 * The largest refractor telescope built is the one at Yerkes Observatory，installed in 1897. It has an objective 1.02 meters (40 inches) across at one end of a 19.2-meter (63 feet) tube. * Newtonian telescope is a particularly popular design for smaller reflecting telescopes, such as those used by amateur astronomers. Astronomers may choose to work on a rear platform where they can use equipment, such as a spectroscope, that is too heavy to hoist to the prime focus. In this case, light reflected by the primary mirror toward the prime focus is intercepted by a smaller secondary mirror, which reflects it back down through a small hole at the center of the primary mirror. This arrangement is known as a Cassegrain telescope (after Guillaume Cassegrain, a French lensmaker). A third, much smaller, mirror then reflects the light into an environmentally controlled laboratory. Known as the coudé room (from th