2018年变压器在实际中的用途.docVIP

变压器在实际中的用途 　　变压器在实际中的用途 0728 　　摘要：变压器是应用法拉第电磁感应定律而升高或降低电压的装置。 变压器通常包含两组或以上的线圈。主要用途是升降交流电的电压、改变阻抗及分隔电路。 一个简单的单相变压器由两块导电体组成。当其中一块导电体有一些不定量的电流 (如交流电或脉冲式的直流电 　　)通过，便会产生变动的磁场。根据电磁的互感原理，这变动的磁场会使第二块导电体产生电势差。假如第二块导电体是一条闭合电路的一部份，那么该闭合电路便会产生电流。电力于是得以传送。 在通用的变压器中，有关的导电体是由 (多数为铜质的) 电线组成线圈，因为线圈所产生的磁场要比一条笔直的电线大得多。 变压器的原理是由变化的电压加到原线圈在磁芯上产生变化的磁场，从而激发其他线圈产生变化的电动势。原线圈、副线圈的电压 VS, VP 和两者的绕线的匝数 NS, NP 之间有正比的关系： 　　至于变压器两方之间的电流或电压比例，则取决于两方电路线圈的圈数。圈数较多的一方电压较高但电流较小，反之亦然。 如果撇除泄漏等因素，变压器两方的电压比例相等于两方的线圈圈数比例，亦即电压与圈数成正比。以算式表示如下： 　　　　因此可以减小或者增加原线圈和副线圈的匝数比，从而升高或者降低电压，变压器的这个性质使它成为转换电压的重要设备。 　　关键词：变压器 原理 应用 　　The application of transformer Abstract:A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between two or more of its windings. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in 　　the transformers core and thus a varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the secondary winding. This effect is called inductive coupling. 　　If a load is connected to the secondary winding, current will flow in this winding, and electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer to the load. Transformers may be used for AC-to-AC conversion of a single power frequency, or for conversion of signal power over a wide range of frequencies, such as audio or radio frequencies. 　　In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (Vs) is in proportion to the 　　primary voltage (Vp) and is given by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number 　　of turns in the primary (Np) as follows: 　　　　By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a transformer thus enables an alternating current (AC) voltage to be stepped up by making Ns greater than Np, or stepped down by making Ns less than Np. The windings are coils wound around aferromagnetic core, air-core transformers being a notable exception. 　　Key