机械工程英语句子和选词填空资料.docx

Part1 Unti 1 1、Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. 金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。 2、Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. 纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。 3、Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel. 金属合金的例子有：不锈钢是一种铁、镍、铬的合金，以及金饰品通常含有金镍合金。 4、Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio. 许多金属和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。 5、However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break. 然而，有时我们也能利用塑性变形。汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。 6、Hence, all the simple and efficient manufacturing techniques used for glass production such as casting and blowing, which involve the molten state, cannot be used for the production of crystalline ceramics. Instead, “sintering” or “firing” is the process typically used. 因此，所有用于玻璃生产的简单有效的—诸如浇铸和吹制这些涉及熔化的技术都不能用于由晶体物组成的陶瓷的生产。作为替代，一般采用“烧结”或“焙烧”工艺。 7、An example of particle-reinforced composites is an automobile tire which has carbon black particles in a matrix of polyisobutylene elastomeric polymer. 微粒加强型复合材料的一个例子是机动车胎，它就是在聚异丁烯人造橡胶聚合物基材中加入了碳黑微粒。 Unit 2 Heat treatment is the operation of heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties. 热处理是将金属在固态加热和冷却以改变其物理性能的操作。 With the proper heat treatment internal stresses may be removed, grain size reduced, toughness increased, or a hard surface produced on a ductile interior. 使用合适的热处理可以去除内应力、细化晶粒、增加韧性或在柔软材料上覆盖坚硬的表面 The key transition described in this diagram is the decomposition of single-phase austenite(γ) to the two-phase ferrite plus carbide structure as temperature drops. 在此图中描述的关键转变是单相奥氏体(γ) 随着温度下降分解成两相铁素体加渗碳体组织结构。 Tie-line and level-law calculations show that low-carbon ferrite nucleates and grows, leaving the