美国文学知识整理.doc

reasoning?and?revolution ? 代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林??1706-1790 1）Poor Richards Almanac 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklins shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established Americas first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms positive and negative to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth?致富之道??????The Autobiography自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ? 2、Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因??1737-1809? Great Common of Mankind 最平凡的人 1）famous pamphlet Common Sense? 著名的政治小册子《常识》 it boldly advocated a Declaration for Independence, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 拥护独立宣言，是分裂活动发展成最后危机。 2）American Crisis 《美国危机》，signed Common Sense (p31,第一段） The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 ? 3、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊 1）drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言 2）与清教徒不同，主张追求幸福。All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness. 人人生而平等，他们都从“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 ? 4、Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺? poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面的新闻记者 1）perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutio