微观经济学-双语课件-第7章-完全竞争市场-CH7-Perfect-Competition.pptxVIP

Chapter 7Perfect CompetitionMarket Structure1Perfectly Competitive Firm2Short-Run Equilibrium3Long-Run Equilibrium4Content7.1 Market Structure 市场结构Market Structure (or Market Type)The market is divided into 4 types according to the degree of competitionThe 4 market types are:Perfect competition 完全竞争Monopoly 垄断（完全垄断）Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Oligopoly 寡头垄断Elements of Market Structure 划分市场结构的因素The number of firms 厂商数量The extent of?product differentiation 产品差异性Entry barriers 进入壁垒Information completeness 信息完全性The degree of price control 对价格的控制程度7.2 Perfectly Competitive Firm7.2.1 Perfect Competition 完全竞争Perfect competition describes markets such that no firm are large enough to have the?market power?to set the price of a?homogeneous productConditions:A large number buyers and sellers 买者和卖者都很多Homogeneous products 商品同质No barriers of entry and exit 进入和退出没有障碍Perfect information 完全信息Every firm is a “price taker” 厂商是价格的“接受者”Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive market7.2.2 The Demand for A Perfectly Competitive Firm完全竞争厂商的需求曲线In perfectly competitive market, the demand curve of a single firm is a horizontal line from the market equilibrium priceRevenueRevenueTRD=AR=MROQOQ7.2.3 The Revenue for A Perfectly Competitive Firm完全竞争厂商的收益曲线The demand curve, the average revenue curve and the marginal revenue curve of a perfectly competitive firm are the same horizontal line from the market price7.3 Short-Run Equilibrium 短期均衡The firm’s goal: Profit-MaximizingThe condition of short-run equilibriumMarket demand and market supply determine the price and quantity bought and sold. As a price taker, each perfectly competitive firm takes the price as given and produces its profit-maximizing outputMR=MC7.3.1 Types of short-run equilibriumMaximum Economic ProfitEconomic Profit 0PriceCostMCACadd（AR=MR=P）AVCP0CbQuantity0Q0Condition: MR = MC, P ACMaximum Normal ProfitEconomic Profit = 0PriceCostMCACAVCdd（AR=MR=P）E