《不同牧草缓冲容量的比较研究》-毕业论文设计（学术）.docVIP

仲恺农业工程学院 毕 业 论文 不同牧草缓冲容量的比较研究 姓 名 院（系） 生命科学院 专业班级 学 号 指导教师 职 称 教 授 论文答辩日期 2013年 6 月 10 日 仲恺农业工程学院教务处制 摘 要 禾本科植物和豆科植物有不同的缓冲容量。禾本科植物的缓冲容量低(P0.05)，豆科植物的缓冲容量比较高（P0.05），通过本实验计算得到狗牙根的缓冲容量为0.55，柱花草的缓冲容量为1.51，象草的缓冲容量为0.91，缓冲容量越高，则牧草在青贮过程中需要形成的乳酸越多，如豆科植物，因其缓冲容量高，不添加添加剂就很难青贮。缓冲容量的高低与植物体内粗蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量相关,缓冲容量高(P0.05)的牧草，其粗蛋白含量和可溶性含量也高（P0.05）。 关键词：牧草青贮 pH值 缓冲容量 目 录 1　前言····························································1 2　材料与方法······················································2 2.1 试材及试样准备·················································2 2.1.1 象草的采集和烘干·············································2 2.1.2 柱花草的采集和烘干···········································3 2.1.3 狗牙根的采集和烘干···········································3 2.2 测定方法和步骤················································3 2.2.1 牧草缓冲容量的测定···········································4 2.2.2 牧草粗蛋白的测定·············································4 2.2.3 牧草可溶性糖含量的测定·······································5 结果·····························································5 3.1 不同草本科植物的缓冲容量·······································5 3.2 不同草本科植物粗蛋白含量·······································6 3.3 不同牧草可溶性糖含量···········································7 讨论·····························································8 参考文献···························································9 英文摘要···························································10 致谢 ······························································11 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 6 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 1前言 牧草青贮过程中，参与活动的微生物种类很多,而以乳酸菌为主,所以青贮的关键在于乳酸发酵的程度。正常青贮时,各类乳酸菌在含有适量水分、碳水化合物以及缺氧环境下,快速繁殖,可生成大量乳酸,少量醋酸、丙酸、琥珀酸等。牧草通过乳酸菌发酵而达到一定的酸度(一般为pH4一4.2)，这是青贮成功的前提条件。大多数牧草的pH值大约为6左右.为了达至稳定青贮的目的，乳酸菌发酵形成的酸不仅要中和牧草原有的碱性，而且牧草本身还具有缓冲pH值变化的能力，也需要一定数量的酸。牧草这种缓冲pH值变化的能力越强，则需要形成的乳酸越多.同时也就需要更多的可发酵碳水化合物[1]。牧草这种对pH值下降的自然缓冲能力，就称之为牧草的缓冲容量。牧草的缓冲容量就是pH值达到4.0时所需的乳酸数量，其单位为摩尔(乳酸)/kg或100g牧草(干重或鲜重)，或g(乳酸)/kg或100g牧草(干重或鲜重)