基于fpga高精度测速单元的设计与实现-控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 高性能飞行控制系统的研制对飞行仿真转台性能提出了越来越高的要求，而测速反馈又是 飞行仿真转台控制系统中不可缺少的关键环节之一，其品质的优劣直接关系到仿真转台的控制 精度和性能，因而提高仿真转台的速度测量精度具有重要的现实意义。 本文首先分析了数字式速度测量方法的特点以及典型测速方法在低速和超低速时的不足， 针对采用光电编码器作为位置反馈元件的情况，设计实现了一种基于 FPGA 的高精度位置速 度测量电路单元。其次，通过引入高频时钟脉冲，有效降低了低速区因采样时钟与反馈脉冲不 同步而带来的测量误差；并通过外推提高了超低速区因反馈脉冲数在多个采样周期均不变化而 导致的测量误差与滞后；同时通过合理的程序逻辑设计，有效地提高了测速电路单元的抗干扰 能力。接着，为方便测速单元与不同类型控制器实现数据交换，在 FPGA 内部完成了 PCI 接 口、双口 RAM 接口和串口接口控制器的设计，并开发了本测速单元 Windows2000/XP 的环境 下 PCI 接口的 WDM 驱动程序。最后，设计开发了测试用标准的速度可变光电编码器信号发 生器与速度测量显示软件，完成了本测速单元的离线测试与在线测试。 经大量的测试验证表明，所开发的测速电路单元的位置测量精度、速度测量精度、工作稳 定度等均达到了技术指标要求，使超低速时测速精度得到了很大的改善，结果表明设计是正确 的、合理的、可行的。 关键词：速度测量，FPGA，PCI，双口 RAM，仿真转台 i 基于 基于 FPGA 高精度测速单元的设计与实现 ii ii ABSTRACT Development of High-performance flight control system put forward with flight motion simulator more higher request.and tachometer feedback is one key factor of flight simulator control system, its quality direct influence the precision and the performance of simulator, so its great significance to improve the accuracy of flight motion simulator. Firstly, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the digital tachometer method and the shortage of the classical tachometer method at low speed and ultra low speed. And in view of adopting the photoelectrical encoder as the position feedback element, designed and implemented a high-precision position and speed measurement unit based on FPGA. Secondly, by introducing the high frequency clock pulse, reduced the measurement errors produced by the sampling pulse and the feedback pulse out of synchronization at low-speed; and by the extrapolating, reduced the measurement errors and lag which are because of the dead zones at ultra low-speed; at the same time, by the reasonable programming logic design, the anti-interference capacity of the tachometer units has been effectively improved. Then, for the data exchange with different types of controllers more easily, this paper designed and implemented the design of PCI interface, dual-port RAM interface and R