汉语的条件句与就.pdfVIP

StudiesinLogic,Vol.10,No.2(2017):45–61 PII:1674-3202(2017)-02-0045-17 * MandarinConditionalConjunctionsand Only MingmingLiu Collegeof ForeignLanguages,HunanUniversity markliu@scarletmail.rutgers.edu Abstract. This paper examines a conditional markerjiu in Mandarin. Jiu is independently motivatedtobeafocus-sensitiveexclusive,withameaningsimilartoEnglish only (Liu2017). It indicatesconditionalitysincecombiningwithajuxtapositionoftwoclauses,itblocksthelogical conjunction interpretation of the two. Together with a flexible semantics of natural language connectives as in N. Klinedinst and D. Rothschild (2012),jiu turns out to be compatible with conditionaljuxtapositionsandthus indicatesconditionality. 1 Jiu asaconditionalmarker A Mandarin conditional usually has in its consequent an adverbjiu [3, 24, 11], which is standardly glossed as ‘then’ and assumed to be a conditional marker with no obvious semantic contribution (see eg. [4, p. 127]). The paper discusses howjiu , being an exclusiveoutsideconditionals, can be turned intoaconditionalmarker. Let’s look at a concrete example. The following examples show that without jiu ,ajuxtapositionoftwoclausesinMandarinisinterpretedconjunctively (1),while addingjiu turns a(logical)conjunctioninto a conditional (2). (1) A shi hong qiu, B shi lan qiu. A be red ball, B be blue ball ‘Ball-Ais red, andball-Bisblue.’ (2) A shi hong qiu, B jiu shi lan qiu. A be red ball, Bjiu be blue ball ‘Ifball-A is red,thenball-Bis blue.’ One major difference between (1) and (2) is that in (1) the first clause is entailed, while in (2) it is not. This isillustratedby the following contrast: (3) A shi hong qiu, B shi la