基于arm的智能控制器设计与实现-控制科学与工程;控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docxVIP

华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 嵌入式系统已经广泛应用到社会诸多领域。当下，随着用户应用要求的不断提 高，高性能的32位微处理器正日益升温，该领域中，ARM微核系列凭借其低功耗、 精简的CPU架构、高效的处理能力等优势已占据了大部分市场份额；而在软件方面、 在嵌入式操作系统中，Linux作为一个功能强大而稳定的开源操作系统，也越来越受 到人们青睐。 本文搭建了一嵌入式应用平台，设计出一可供实验人员在其上验证控制算法实 际控制效力的智能控制器。它采用闭环控制，要控制的是被控对象的温度。以电加 热膜给对象加热，控制途径是通过改变PWM占空比进而改变加热膜导通时间的方 式，当PWM输出高电平时，加热膜导通，反之截止。 系统选用的主控芯片是 ATMEL 公司的 AT91RM9200，ARM920T 核心。应用 软件的基础和开发平台采用嵌入式 Linux 操作系统。文中给出了硬件电路各个模块 的设计，包括电源复位模块、存储器、网络接口、调试通讯接口、采集对象温度的 ADC 以及 PWM 波形输出电路。详细阐述了移植 Linux 的过程，从底层引导程序的 修改到内核裁剪、ramdisk 文件系统的制作再到最后的启动烧写。为方便以后应用 程序开发中，能够接收 ADC 传送的采集数据、控制 PWM 占空比，还编写了基于 Linux 内核的 ADC 和 PWM 设备驱动程序。 关键词：嵌入式系统；ARM；AT91RM9200；Bootloader；Linux； 驱动程序 II II Abstract Embedded systems have been widely applied in many fields of society. Today,with the users’ application requirements unceasing enhancement, the market demand of high-performance 32-bit microcontroller is gradually increasing. In this field, ARM micronucleus series, with its low power consumption, streamline CPU architecture, efficient processing power and other advantages has occupied the majority of market share. Meanwhile, in terms of software, embedded operating system has also becoming more and more specialized. As a powerful and stable open source operating system, Linux is being more developers choose to use. The goal of this paper is build a embedded application platform, design a intelligent controller for researchers who can verify the actual control effects of their control algorithm on it. The intelligent controller uses closed loop control, the amount charged is the temperature of the controlled object. It heats the object by a electric heating membrane. The on-state of the heating membrane can be controlled by PWM wave.When PWM output high-level, the membrane enabled,or disabled. We choosed AT91RM9200 which producted by ATMEL company as our main control chip, used the embedded operating system Linux as application software foundation. In this paper，the hardware modules of the intelli