《材料导论第二十一课》-课件设计（公开）.pptVIP

Engineering Materials Lu Jun 吕珺 11.11 Hardness testing indenter indentation 11.11.1 The Brinell hardness test a hard steel ball The load and the ball size P/D2 = K Where K is a constant, P is the load, and D is the diameter of the hardened ball indenter Fig 11.24 Principle of the Brinell hardness test The thickness of the specimen (7 times the depth of the indentation) The edge of the indentation (3 times the diameter of the indentation) The test is unsuitable for the materials whose hardness exceeds 500HB, as the ball indenter tends to flatten. Data other than hardness can be estimated from this test as follows: Machinability Tensile strength Work-hardening capacity 11.11.2 The Vickers hardness test A diamond indenter in the form of a square-based pyramid Stand loads: 5,10,20,30,50,100kg HD(50)=200 HD=P/D2 D= the average diagonal (mm) P= load (kg) Fig.11.26 Hardness testing: (a) universal hardness-testing machine; (b) measuring screen showing magnified image of Vickers impression 11.11.3 The Rockwell hardness test Indenters: 1.6mm diameter hard steel ball and a diamond cone with apex angle of 1200 Widely used in industry as it is quick, simple and direct reading. Fig.11.27 Rockwell hardness test: (a) Rockwell direct reading testing machine; (b) direct reading hardness scale Table 11.6 Rockwell superficial hardness test conditions 11.11.4 Shore Scelroscope During the testing, the hardness is measured as a function of resilience. The scleroscope can be carried to the work piece. A diamond-tipped hammer (2.5g, 250mm) 11.12 The effect of processing on hardness The degree of work hardening: Soft (fully annealed) ? hard ? hard ? hard hard Fig.11.31 Effect of heating a quench-hardened 0.8% plain carbon steel 11.14 Comparative scales of hardness Testing result testing condition 11.15 Ductility testing Pe