化工容器腐蚀评价与探伤检测研究-安全工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 化工容器是石化行业的重要设备，其运行状况直接关系到整个企业的安全生产和经 济效益。由于故障类型多、故障原因交错复杂，其安全运行水平具有很强的模糊性，一 旦发生事故极易造成重大的经济损失和人员伤亡，因此有必要对化工容器的运行状况进 行风险评估，并对如何开展安全运行管理工作进行研究。 本文首先介绍了化工容器的原理和功能、分类方法，然后介绍了影响化工容器安 全运行水平的主要因素，最后对危险性较高的典型故障进行了分析，重点介绍了强度失 效、腐蚀失效，详细介绍了其产生机理、故障原因及改进措施。 根据在垦利石化总厂实习的结果建立了大型化工容器腐蚀事故树，并进行了定性、 定量分析，基于事故树分析结果综合研究各项因素，构建了化工容器安全运行水平评价 指标体系，利用层次分析法(PHA)计算了各级评价指标权重，并采用专家调查法建立了 各级因素集的评判矩阵，最后运用模糊综合评判得到化工容器的安全运行水平。 根据在江苏曙光集团实习的成果，把较为危险的、不太可靠的、人工的大型化工容 器检测变为了全自动的、高度可靠的大型化工容器检测。先画出了结构图，然后再计算 出各部分的数据，并提出了运行过程中可能出现的问题。 ’／ 制定了石化企业事故应急响应的内容和基本方针，基于化工容器不同安全运行水平 J 下所对应的应急状态，建立了事故应急响应标准和事故应急响应组织体系，讨论建立健 全民间应急救援体系的必要性和可操作性，并提出建立健全过程中可能遇到的问题和注 意事项。 关键词：化工容器，腐蚀评价，无损检测 great great fuzziness and tends to cause serious losses of economy and life．SO it is necessary to assess the operation risk of large chemical container and research how to lunch safety management work． Tllis paper introduces the principle and function of chemical containers，and then introduces the effects of chemical containers major factor in the level of safe operation,the last of the typical high risk failure is analyzed，focusing on the strength failure and corrosion failure，in detail describes the mechanism of its cause of the malfunction and improvement． Based on the results of the Kenli petrochemical plant to establish a large-scale chemical container corrosion fault tree，and conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis．Evaluation indicator system of safety operation level Was built based on FTA results and comprehensive analysis of every factor．Weighing of every evaluation indicator Was calculated by PHA，and evaluation matrixes of every factor collection were built based on expert survey method，and got safety operation level result of centrifugal compressor unit in model by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation． Based on the results of Shuguang Group，put the more dangerous，less reliable and large—scale human testing into a fully automated，highly reliable detection of large chemical containers．Draw a diagram first，and then c