比较基因组学与分不子进化3.pptVIP

Breakthrough and milestone for genomic era New fields of biology open up Genetics VS Reverse genetics Key Point of Understanding Development What Genes involved in a given development process How those genes (and proteins) work at cellular/molecular level How those genes (and proteins) activities are regulated How to identify Genes critical in a given development process 1. Genetics: What wrong with a mutant lacking a functional gene tells the normal role of the gene. Start with mutants, then the gene how it works 2. Reverse genetics: Starting with a gene of known identity, modifying its expression or activity to reveal its development function Why Reverse genetics  (From gene to phenotype/function) 1. Many undefined genes are sequenced due to the advancement of sequence technology 2. Can control where, when, and how much an active gene product to be made 3. Easy to design specific mutations into the gene product 4. Add TAGs to a gene product to simplify its study within the cell 5. Create mutation on gene that has no available mutation or not feasible to have 3 common ways to control where, when, andhow much an active gene product in a cell 2. Gene Silencing or Antisense approach to control the level of mRNA of a given gene 3. Expression of desirable Dominant Affecting Mutant form Promoter::GFP reporters reveal worm Cadherin gene expression TAGs are useful tools for monitoring a protein within the cell By monitoring the TAG, you achieve the job of observing the protein (X) of interest. TAGs: 3 common types Proteins with easily assayable biochemical activity LacZ (?-galactosidase): for all animal and microbes GUS (?-glucuronidase): for all plants Both convert a small colorless substrate into a colored and insoluble product 2. Proteins which have its own color (emitting light under specific conditions): green fluorescence protein (GFP) from Jellyfish, no substrate is needed and can observe in living cells 3. Sm