纳米流体增强导热系数机理的探究-热能工程专业论文.docxVIP

优秀毕业论文 精品参考文献资料 华北电力大学硕士学位论文摘 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 纳米流体热物性的研究作为一门新兴交叉学科已经发展了20余年，诸多研究 者发现绝大部分纳米流体具有导热系数明显增强的特性，相继提出并丰富了各种纳 米尺度下流体的导热机理。然而至今仍没有理论能够准确的解释Au．H20这类体积 分数极低的纳米流体导热系数极大增强的现象。 通过对各国学者对纳米流体导热系数强化的不同机理的研究，本文提出假设， 对于纳米金(溶胶)这样具有极低体积分数的纳米流体来说，其导热系数主要受颗 粒团聚和布朗运动影响，即导热系数动态项，而二相流体的基底导热系数，即静态 项，影响几乎为零。因此提出一种极低分数纳米流体导热算法模型：利用分形理论 模拟纳米颗粒分布来解释团聚物对纳米流体导热系数的影响，通过盒子计数法 (box．counting)在实验得到的TEM图像中计算得出分形维数Df，从而确定纳米颗 粒在液相中的分布情况，再利用一组随机数确定在液相中分布的团聚物尺寸，导入 到颗粒微对流传热模型中来还原导热系数的动态项，最后利用修正因子厂(他r)对导热 系数加以修正。 该算法模型充分考虑了团聚、颗粒分布、布朗运动形成的微对流、温度对颗粒 和基液分子布朗运动影响以及颗粒扩散等因素对纳米流体导热系数的影响，能够准 确预测出Au-H20纳米流体导热系数增强的趋势，理论预测值与绝大部分现有实验 数据最大偏差不超过1．5％。研究发现，对这类极低浓度纳米流体而言，温度对其影 响大于体积分数和粒径的影响，且呈指数形式增长。该模型不仅为解释纳米流体导 热强化提供了新思路，还为纳米流体强化传热性质的应用提供了理论基础。 关键词：Au．H20纳米流体，导热系数增强，分形理论，微对流换热 万方数据 华北电力大学硕士学位论文Abstract 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Heat transfer of nanofluids has been studied for about 20 years as an emergent interdiscipline．Many researchers found that most nanofluids are of attractive character of great thermal conductivity(TC)enhancement，and many models had been developed to explain the TC at nanoscale．However,there is no theory that can explain the enormous TC enhancement of gold nanofluids compared to its extremely low volume fraction． Enlightened by those theories proposed by many researchers，we proposed that the TC of gold nanofluids was mainly affected by clusters and Brownian motion of gold nanoparticles(NPs)other than the basic TC of solid-liquid suspension which iS close to nothing．Here we presented a new model in which fractal theory was adapted to simulate the NPs’distribution tO explain the clusters’effect on TCE，fractal dimension Df Was obtained by calculating the TEM images through box-counting method，a set of ramdon numbers Was used to calculate clusters’size and micro．convection heat transfer model was induced to explain the dynamic term of TC．A factor厂(仍，)was used to modirfy this model against the experimental data． It has fully taken clusters，distribution，micro—convection induced by Brownian moti