人体寄生虫学复习总结.ppt

Paratenic host (transport host): 转续宿主 某些寄生虫的幼虫侵入非正常终宿主,不能发育为成虫,长期保持幼虫状态,只有当该幼虫有机会侵入正常终宿主体内时,才能发育为成虫,这种非正常宿主称为转续宿主。 An abnormal host (not suitable for parasite development), when a parasite enters, it do not undergo any development but continues to stay alive and be infective to a normal host （cause disease). facultative parasite 兼性寄生虫 A parasite can live both in or on the host as well as in a free-living form parasitic and free living generations can alternate depending on environmental conditions Parasite According to characteristic of parasites: Obligatory (obligate) parasite 专性寄生虫 A parasite can live only in a association with a host or an organism, can not survive without a host Accidental parasite 偶然性寄生虫 按宿主选择性 permanent parasites 永久性寄生虫 temporary parasite 暂时性寄生虫 some animals invading the host temporary only for bloodsucking, such as mosquitoes, ticks, etc. Ectoparasite 体外寄生虫 Exist on the body surface Endoparasite 体内寄生虫 Parasites living within (inside) the host body 按寄生时间 按寄生部位 Opportunistic parasite Some parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium parvum, pneumocystis jiroveci, etc, only induce unapparent infection in the host with normal immune competency, but can lead to severe disease even death in the person suffered with AIDS or other immune deficiency conditions. immunocompromised host（免疫受累宿主） 机会致病寄生虫：如弓形虫、隐孢子虫、肺孢子虫等，在宿主体内通常处于隐性感染状态，在宿主免疫功能降低时，出现异常增殖或致病力增强。 Nourishment and metabolism of the parasites (omit) Asexual reproduction 无性生殖 sexual reproduction 有性生殖 Alternation of generation (世代交替) A reproduction mode of some protozoon and helminthic parasites characterized by the alternation of generations with asexual and sexual reproduction in their life cycle. reproduction mode of parasites Nomination of the parasite Parasitology historically covers a diverse collection of metazoan and unicellular organisms Kingdom 界 Phylum 门