执雀外道非婆薮仙辨.pdfVIP

　20 10 年第 1 期 敦煌研究 N O 120 10 ( ) 　 总第 119 期 DU N HU AN G 　R ESEA RC H TO TAL 　119 执雀外道非婆薮仙辨 王惠民 (敦煌研究院　考古研究所 , 　甘肃 　敦煌 　736200) 　　内容摘要 :现存北朝至唐初佛教造像中 ,在佛座两侧有五十多组执雀外道和持骷髅外道 ,持骷髅外道已经确定为鹿 头梵志 ,而执雀外道一般比定为“婆薮仙”,但存在许多疑点 。本文从《俱舍论记》等佛教文献中查得执雀外道是裸形外道 尼乾子 ,而非“婆薮仙”。尼乾子执雀问佛生死 ,佛以无言对待挑战 ;鹿头梵志持罗汉骷髅难定因果轮回 ,佛为解答 ,显示 佛的智慧与佛法的精深 ,因而在佛教造像中广泛存在 。 关键词 :婆薮仙 ;鹿头梵志 ;尼乾子 ;执雀外道 中图分类号 : K8794 1 ;B948 　文献标识码 :A 　文章编号 :10004 106 (20 10) 0 1000 107 Identif ying the heretic f igure who has hol ding a bird WAN G Huimin ( The A rchaeolo gical Re search In stit ut e of Dunhuang Academy ,Dunhuan g Gan su 736200) Abstract :A mong t he exi st ent image s in Bu ddhi st art s f ro m p erio d of t he Nort her n Dyna stie s to Early Tan g ,t here are more t han 50 p air s of image s flanking Bu ddha’s t hrone w ho se hand hol ding a bir d an d a skull re sp ectively . The one hol ding a skull ha s been identified a s Mr ga sir sa ,w hile t he ot her ha s a bir d in hi s han d i s co mmonly know n a s Va si st ha ,but t here are so me doubt s about t he figure . Thi s p a p er sugge st s t hat t he figure p ro bable i s t he one naked and heretics Nir grant hap ut ra rat her t han Va si s t ha . The conclu sion wa s made ba sed o n Bu ddhi st t ext ual re search , a s Notice on A bhidhar mako sa sāst ra . Nir grant hap ut ra ,accor din g to t he t ext ,t he one hel d a bir d wa s a sking Buddha que stion about lif e and deat h ,Bu ddha re spon ded wit h silence w hile Mr ga sir sa hel d t he skull wa s won derin g how to det er mine t he Kar ma an d t ran smigratio n of t he ar hat s ,Buddha an